Chapter 4

Question 1

Describe the central vacuole

Answer 1

It is a large, fluid-filled vacuole; it can consume up to 90% of a cell’s volume; it forms from smaller vacuoles fusing together

Question 2

As a cell becomes smaller, its surface area ___ relative to its volume.

Answer 2

increases

Question 3

What is the cell theory

Answer 3

All living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms; all cells arise from existing cells

Question 4

a cell’s shape, size, and organization are determined by what?

Answer 4

its function

Question 5

List some items found in an animal cell

Answer 5

phospholipids; endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria

Question 6

Which part of the plasma membrane helps cells recognize each other?

Answer 6

glycoproteins

Question 7

Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles within a cell are broken down by what?

Answer 7

the lysosomes

Question 8

Organelles that are surrounded by a lipid bilayer and contain DNA are the what?

Answer 8

nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria

Question 9

Integral membrane proteins perform what activities?

Answer 9

transmitting signals across the cell membrane; identifying the cell type to surrounding cells; helping move substances across the cell membrane

Question 10

The nucleus of a cell contains what?

Answer 10

chromosomes, DNA, RNA

Question 11

What does the end product of photosynthesis use?

Answer 11

oxygen and carbohydrates

Question 12

What type of molecules can be found in/on the plasma membrane?

Answer 12

carbohydrate, protein, phospholipid

Question 13

The organelles most numerous in the kidneys and liver that neutralize free radicals are what?

Answer 13

peroxisomes

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging molecules for export?

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

What is the cytoskeleton made up of?

Answer 15

microtubules

Question 16

Which scientist was described cells as “many little boxes”?

Answer 16

Robert Hool

Question 17

What is the purpose of sterols in the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

insulate the cell and give it structure

Question 18

Chromoplasts contain what?

Answer 18

a variety of pigments except chlorophyll

Question 19

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 19

builds lipids such as cholesterol and functions in detoxification in liver cells

Question 20

Describe lysosomes

Answer 20

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that destroy old or broken down cells and organelles

Question 21

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

Answer 21

produce energy for cell activity

Question 22

Mitchondrida contain their own DNA for what purpose?

Answer 22

organelle replication

Question 23

Chromatin is a mass of genetic material composed of ___ and ___ that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.

Answer 23

DNA; proteins

Question 24

The diameter of most cells is between ___ and ___ microns.

Answer 24

10; 50

Question 25

What do some cells use for locomotion?

Answer 25

cilia and/or flagella

Question 26

Glucose is stored as what in animal cells?

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

What are partilally assembeld in the nucleolus?

Answer 27

ribosomes

Question 28

What three types of molecules make up the cell membrane?

Answer 28

phospholipids, proteins, sterols

Question 29

A cell’s ___ influences its shape, size and internal organization

Answer 29

function

Question 30

The statement “Cells only arise from other cells” is part of what?

Answer 30

the cell theory

Question 31

Cilia and ___ are structures that enable cell movement

Answer 31

flagella

Question 32

the two bundles of microtubules located in the centrosome that function in nuclear devision are called ___.

Answer 32

centrioles

Question 33

ribosomes are found on the ___ endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 33

rough

Question 34

ATP is an acronym for what?

Answer 34

adenosine triphosphate

Question 35

The model that best describes the plasma membrane is the ___ model.

Answer 35

fluid mosaic