Chapter 32

Question 1

What is the cell process that leads to cell specialization in animals?

Answer 1

differentiation

Question 2

What occurs immediately following fertilization?

Answer 2

cleavage

Question 3

Ectoderm : Skin :: Mesoderm : ___

Answer 3

vertebrate

Question 4

phylogenetic diagrams illustrate ___.

Answer 4

evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 5

A fluid-filled cavity that forms following gastrulation is called ___.

Answer 5

coelom

Question 6

An animal that is able to produce both male and female gametes is called a/an ___.

Answer 6

hermaphrodite

Question 7

Animals that undergo indirect development begin life as ___, while animals that undergo direct development begin as ___.

Answer 7

larva; nymphs

Question 8

Phylogenetic diagrams illustrate ___.

Answer 8

evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 9

A fluid-filled cavity that forms following gastrulation is called a ___.

Answer 9

coelom

Question 10

An animal that is able to produce both male and female gamets is called a/an ___.

Answer 10

hermaphrodite

Question 11

Animals that undergo indirect development begin life as ___, while animals that undergo direct development begin as ___.

Answer 11

larva; nymphs

Question 12

List some parts of an animal’s morphology.

Answer 12

shape, symmetry, organization

Question 13

Name some vertebrates.

Answer 13

toads, birds, puppies

Question 14

Name some functions of the circulatory system.

Answer 14

carry nutrients to tissues; carry O₂ to tissues; carry waste to the excretory system

Question 15

Organisms in which phylum are composed of only two embryonic germ layers?

Answer 15

ctenophora

Question 16

The deep cavity that becomes the gut during embryonic development is the ___.

Answer 16

archenteron

Question 17

The order from inside to outside in which the three germ layers are organized

Answer 17

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 18

Tissues that arise from the endoderm are the ___.

Answer 18

digestive, respiratory, and reproductive

Question 19

Animals that have no body cavity and have a solid interior are called ___.

Answer 19

acoelomates

Question 20

The fate of the blastopore in a deuterostome is to become the ___.

Answer 20

anus

Question 21

When the path or fate of a cell is fixed late in its development, the cleavage is said to be ___.

Answer 21

indeterminate

Question 22

The process of coelom formation in protostomes is called ___.

Answer 22

schizocoely

Question 23

Describe a gastrula?

Answer 23

a multilayered embryo

Question 24

An animal exhibiting radial symmetry

Answer 24

has a distinct top and bottom, but no front, back right, or left

Question 25

Which phylum of invertebrates has no true tissues but cells speciallzed for specific funtions?

Answer 25

porifera

Question 26

Which phylum is a squid in?

Answer 26

mollusca

Question 27

Which phylum is a jellyfish in?

Answer 27

cnidaria

Question 28

Which phylum is a flatworm in?

Answer 28

platyhelminthes

Question 29

Which phylum is a sea star in?

Answer 29

echinodermata

Question 30

Which phylum is a segmented worm in?

Answer 30

annelida

Question 31

Which phylum is a crab in?

Answer 31

arthropoda

Question 32

Which phylum is a roundworm in?

Answer 32

nematoda

Question 33

Which phylum is a sponge in?

Answer 33

porifera