Chapter 3: Biochemistry Flashcards
What are the products in the hydrolysis of ATP?
ADP, phosphate, and energy
How many covalent bonds is a carbon atom able to form with other compounds or elements?
4
Which structures are typically not formed by carbon molecules?
Inorganic
Saturated fats are typically what?
solid at room temperature
Organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are what?
enzymes
What is a compound found in all cells that supplies the energy for cellular functions?
ATP
Enzymes catalyze reactions by what?
linking to the substance and weakening bonds within the substrate
the coumpound that is stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants is what?
glucose
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures are called what?
isomers
In a triple bond, ___ pair(s) of electrons are shared between two C atoms.
Three
Amino acids become linked together by peptide bonds during ___ reactions.
Condensation
The breakdown of a polymer involves ___.
hydrolysis
ATP contains ___ phosphate groups.
Three
The most important function of a nucleic acid is ___.
storing information related to heredity and cell function
different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by ___.
the R groups of the amino acids they are bonded to
How many different types of monomers are found in proteins?
20
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are
monosaccharides
forms large molecules from smaller ones
condensation reaction
influences the characteristics of molecules
functional group
monomer of polysaccharides
glucose
monomer of lipids
fatty acid
component of nucleic acids
nucleotide
lipid not composed of fatty acids
steroid
monomer of proteins
amino acid
breaks large molecules into smaller ones
hydrolysis
