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Memoria Press Modern Biolgoy > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The first scientists to propose that DNA was a double-stranded helix were

A

Watson and Crick

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2
Q

Describe DNA

A

It is made up of nucleotides; sugar and phosphate groups are identical in all nucleotides; each full turn of a helix holds ten nucleotide pairs

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3
Q

The double-ring nitrogenous bases include or are called

A

purines

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4
Q

Bases complementary to adenine and guanine in DNA are respectively

A

Thymine and cytosine

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5
Q

Base-pairing rules dicate that a strand of DNA with the base sequence of ATCGTCAATC will form an opposite bs sequence of

A

TAGCAGTTAG

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6
Q

Nitrogenous bases form ___ bonds with each other to hold complementary DNA strands together.

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

If the percentage of thymine on a DNA strand is 40%, what will the percentage of guanine be?

A

10%

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8
Q

What is the main purpose of DNA replication in cells?

A

to copy genetic information for cell division

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9
Q

In DNA replication, the enzyme ___ works to separate the H bonds and the strands

A

Helicase

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10
Q

In DNA replication, complementary bases are added by the enzyme ___.

A

DNA polymerase

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11
Q

As DNA separates for replicaation, the Y-shaped region that results is called what?

A

a replication fork

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12
Q

The end result of DNA replication without mutation is what?

A

two identical and separate DNA molecules

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13
Q

The enzyme that later joins the gaps in the newly copied strand of DNA is what?

A

DNA ligase

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14
Q

DNA replication in prokaryotes takes place in/on the what?

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

Newly synthesized DNA base pairs in most organisms are proofed and repaired by what enzyme?

A

DNA polymerase

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16
Q

Thymine dimers are two thymine bases linked together by ___ bond.

A

Covalent

17
Q

A segment of DNA that is located on a chromosome and codes for a herditary characteristic is a what?

A

Gene

18
Q

The construction of an RNA template from DNA is called what?

A

transcription

19
Q

What is RNA?

A

A nucleic acid made up of ribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

20
Q

Which molecule bonds to a specific amino acid?

A

tRNA

21
Q

What are the three major types of RNA?

A

ribosomal, transfer, messenger

22
Q

The specific nucleotide sequence on teh DNA where transcription is initiated is called the what?

A

promoter

23
Q

A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a genre is called what?

A

a termination signal

24
Q

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication takes place where?

A

at many points on and in both directions of a DNA strand

25
Q

If a DNA strand had the basses ATTACGCCA, its transcribed RNA strand would contain the bases

A

UAAUGCGGU

26
Q

Amino acids are assembled based on instructions encoded in teh sequence of necleotides on the

A

mRNA

27
Q

A specific squence of three nucleic acids on an mRNA that code for an amino acid are called a what?

A

codon

28
Q

The start codon AUG that always codes for the beginning of transcription is the code for what?

A

methionine

29
Q

Amino acids are joined to one another by which type of bond?

A

peptide

30
Q

How many different amino acids must be present for protein synthesis?

A

20

31
Q

translation takes place in/on the what?

A

ribosome

32
Q

An anticodon AUG would look for the codon ___ to bind to?

A

UAC

33
Q

The newly made polypeptide falls off when the ribosome reaches what?

A

the stop codon

34
Q

Describe translation

A

Several ribosomes can be translating a strand of mRNA at one time; in prokaryotes, translation and transcription can occur simultaneously; a new ribosome begins translating as soon as the preceding ribosome has moved aside

Memoria Press Modern Biolgoy (29 decks)

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