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Animal Behavior > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

An observed traits of an individual and the genotype and environment is called?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Heritability

A

Phenotype

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2
Q

All the allele of an individual is called?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Heritability

A

Genotype

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3
Q

The study of how genes and environment behavioral differences is called?

A

Behavioral genetics

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4
Q

The proportion of phenotypic variation in a trait due to genetic influences is called?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Heritability

A

Heritability

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5
Q

All genetic effects on phenotype is called?
a) Narrow sense heritability
b) Genotype
c) Broad sense heritability
d) Dominance effects

A

Broad sense heritability
(broad = all)

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6
Q

What are the 3 factors of genetic effects of each allele on phenotype?

A

1) Additive effects
2) Dominance effects
3) Epistasis

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7
Q

The average effect of individual alleles on phenotype is called?
a) Additive effects
b) Dominance effects
c) Epistasis
d) Broad sense heritability

A

Additive effects
(add average)

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8
Q

Interaction between alleles at one locus is called?
a) Additive effects
b) Dominance effects
c) Epistasis
d) Broad sense heritability

A

Dominance effects
(between alleles)
Dom all locus

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9
Q

Interaction between genes at different loci is called?
a) Additive effects
b) Dominance effects
c) Epistasis
d) Broad sense heritability

A

Epistasis
(between genes loci)
epi loci

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10
Q

increased chance parent and offspring will resemble each other in trait and this is called?
a) Narrow sense heritability
b) Genotype
c) Broad sense heritability
d) Dominance effects

A

Narrow-sense heritability

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11
Q

Hunting dogs behavior are affected by…
a) genetics
b) environment
c) Reflexes
d) Both a and b

A

both genetic and environmental component

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12
Q

What is a behavior that is performed the same way each time, fully expressed the first time, and present even in individuals raised in isolation?
Example: blinking or crying
a) Innate (instinct)
b) reflexes
c) fixed action patterns
d) Major genes

A

Innate or instinct behavior

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13
Q

What are types of instinct behavior?
a) Reflex
b) Major genes
c) fixed action patterns
d) both a and c

A

Reflexes and fixed action pattern

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14
Q

What is involuntary movement in response to stimulus called?
a) Reflex
b) Major genes
c) fixed action patterns
d) both a and c

A

Reflexes

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15
Q

What is a behavior that displays almost no variation. Once started, cannot be stopped until completed?
a) Reflex
b) Major genes
c) fixed action patterns
d) both a and c

A

Fixed action pattern

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16
Q

come back to page 16,17 and 18

A
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17
Q

Individual gene that is responsible for large fraction of phenotypic variation are called?
a) Epistasis
b) Minor genes
c) Major genes
d) Reflex

A

Major gene

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18
Q

Individual gene that contributes to small amounts of variation in phenotype are called?
a) Epistasis
b) Minor genes
c) Major genes
d) Reflex

A

Minor gene

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19
Q

Interactions between genes at different loci, and major genes effect expression of several other genes are called?
a) fixed action patterns
b) reflex
c) pleiotropy
d) Epistasis

A

Epistasis

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20
Q

What is a single gene that affects more than 1 phenotypic trait?
Example: yellow gene affection body color and courtship
a) fixed action patterns
b) reflex
c) pleiotropy
d) Epistasis

A

c) Pleiotropy
trophy goes to only 1st place

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21
Q

Single reproductive queen is called?
Example: Fire ant colonies
a) Epistasis
b) Polygyne
c) Supergene
d) Monogyne

A

Monogyne (major gene)

22
Q

Multiple reproductive queens and they have a higher ecological impact is called?
example: fire ant colonies
a) Epistasis
b) Polygyne
c) Supergene
d) Monogyne

A

Polygyne (major gene)

23
Q

a set of linked genes that affect many traits are called?
a) Epistasis
b) Polygyne
c) Supergene
d) Monogyne

A

supergene

24
Q

Approach that disables gene and examines effect on behavior is called?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci

A

Knockout technique

25
Q

Anxiety related behavior and knockout of a hormone in mice results in what happening?

A

Knockout mice spent more time in open, light areas than wild type mice

26
Q

Preference for physical contact is called?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci

A

Thigmotaxis

27
Q

Stretches if DNA that either contain or are linked to genes influencing a phenotypic trait is called?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

Quantitative trait loci

28
Q

This is a statistical technique that combines genetic information with trait information to determine which regions of the genome contain the genes that influence the trait QTLs?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

QTL mapping

29
Q

Major genes suspected of contributing to large amount of the phenotypic variation in a specific trait is called?
a) Super gene
b) candidate genes
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

Candidate genes

30
Q

Aphid feeding behavior is viewed by…
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

QTL mapping (minor genes)

31
Q

How was the genotyped assessed in aphid feeding?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) AFLP markers
e) QTL mapping

A

AFLP markers

32
Q

Come back to pages 30 and 31

A
33
Q

What can effect gene expression?
a) Super gene
b) environment
c) gene expression
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

the environment

34
Q

What is the process by which gene products are formed and dependent on sensory inputs called?
a) Super gene
b) environment
c) gene expression
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

Gene expression

35
Q

come back to pages 37 AND 38

A
36
Q

Bird calls (simple vocalizations are…
a) Super gene
b) environment
c) innate
d) Quantitative trait loci
e) QTL mapping

A

innate

37
Q

Passeri produce songs by…
a) innate vocalizations
b) closed ended learners
c) open ended learners
d) Complex vocalizations

A

complex vocalizations

38
Q

Individuals must hear tutor sing its conspecific song shortly after hatching in order to learn correctly (sensitive period) this is called?
a) innate vocalizations
b) closed ended learners
c) open ended learners
d) Complex vocalizations

A

Closed ended learners

39
Q

Individuals can acquire new song elements throughout life this is called?
a) innate vocalizations
b) closed ended learners
c) open ended learners
d) Complex vocalizations

A

Open ended learners

40
Q

Posterior nucleus in birds
a) innate vocalizations
b) song learning
c) Drawling
d) sound production

A

sound production

41
Q

Anterior nucleus in birds
a) innate vocalizations
b) song learning
c) Drawling
d) sound production

A

song learning

42
Q

Exposure to bird song influences gene expression in which genes?

A

ZENK AND FoxP2

43
Q

Zebra finches knockdown technique used to reduce expression FoxP2, adult male tutors and young juvenile males housed together. What was the result?

A

Knockdown birds tend to omit specific syllables in songs (FoxP2 required for normal song development)

44
Q

This allows researchers to characterize acoustic structure of vocalization in Zebra finches?
a) Super gene
b) Thigmotaxis
c) Knockout technique
d) Spectogram
e) QTL mapping

A

Spectogram (Sonogram)

45
Q

Range of behaviors expressed by single genotype in different environments are called?
-phenotypic plasticity
a) Reaction norm
b) thigmotaxis
c) innate learning
d) gene environment interactions

A

Reaction Norm

46
Q

When environment has greater effect on one genotype than others this is called?
a) Reaction norm
b) thigmotaxis
c) innate learning
d) gene environment interactions

A

Gene environment interaction

47
Q

Rover and sitter foraging behavior in fruit flies is caused by?
a) Reaction norm
b) thigmotaxis
c) innate learning
d) gene environment interactions

A

Gene environment interactions

48
Q

(COME BACK) Scouting behavior in bees found…

A

differential gene expression between the two phenotypes

49
Q

Are behavior and morphological differences between males correlated with differential gene expression?

A

1) Male phenotype plasticity more strongly associated with differential gene expression than sexual dimorphism
2) Genes for male mating tactics appear to be species specific and novel from previous candidate genes

50
Q

Exploratory behavior in great tit is
a) gene
b) allele
c) heritable

A

heritable

Animal Behavior (15 decks)

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