Chapter 2

Question 1

What is a testable explanation for observed phenomenon?

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

Which of the following is a hypothesis?
a) How do male wolf spiders find unmated females
b) Male wolf spiders use behavior of nearby males to find receptive females
c) Presence of rival male searching male orienting toward the rival, searching for a female and beginning courtship tapping

Answer 2

b) Male wolf spiders use behavior of nearby males to find receptive females

Question 3

Mathematical models can generate predictions about which behaviors maximize an individual fitness
All models are based on assumption about ecology and evolution of organism

Answer 3

hypothesis

Question 4

Squirrel foraging: Carrying food creates tradeoff safety vs energy

Answer 4

1) Fitness increases with higher energy intake rate
2) fitness increases with less time spent away from cover
3) squirrels are safe in a tree and at risk of death away from trees
4) larger food items require longer handling time

Question 5

Predictions squirrel foraging: As food size increases carrying to safety increases handling time

Answer 5

as distance to safety tree increases carry less

Question 6

No manipulation (lack control)

Answer 6

Observation

Question 7

Manipulation of variables
-Must have control group to evaluate the effect of the manipulation

Answer 7

experimental

Question 8

Compare behaviors around species
- Assessment of ancestral vs derived traits
-timing of development of the behavioral trait

Answer 8

comparative

Question 9

Seahorse are considered?
a) Subordinate
b) coursing
c) Monagomous
d) independent

Answer 9

Monagomous

Question 10

What are species that have daily greeting ritual?
a) Subordinate
b) monogamous
c) dominant
d) independent variable

Answer 10

Monagomous

Question 11

What are males that will chase guard ewes to attempt to mate?
a) Monogamous
b) Dominant
c) Independent variable
d) Subordinate

Answer 11

Subordinate (coursing)

Question 12

males guard a ewe?
a) Monagomous
b) subordinate
c) Dominate
d) independent variable

Answer 12

Dominate (trending)

Question 13

Variable that is changed by researcher this is called?
a) control group
b) dependent variable
c) comparative variable
d) independent variable

Answer 13

independent variable

Question 14

variable measured in response to change in the independent variable this is called?
a) control group
b) dependent variable
c) comparative method
d) independent variable

Answer 14

dependent variable

Question 15

group that does not experience manipulation this is called?
a) control group
b) dependent variable
c) comparative method
d) independent variable

Answer 15

control group

Question 16

What examines differences/similarities between species to understand evolution of behaviors this is called?
a) control group
b) dependent variable
c) comparative method
d) independent variable

Answer 16

comparative method

Question 17

Traits found in a common ancestor of 2 plus species
a) reduction
b) plesiomorphic
c) apomorphic
d) phylogeny

Answer 17

Ancestral traits (plesiomorphic)

Question 18

traits found more recently evolved species and not present in common ancestor?
a) control group
b) phylogeny
c) Plesiomorphic
d) Apomorphic

Answer 18

Derived trait (Apomorphic)

Question 19

What is a diagram that shows evolutionary ancestor dependent relationships among organisms?
a) Phylogeny
b) Apomorphic
c) control group
d) Plelsiomorphic

Answer 19

phylogeny
(geny an sistor (ancestor) dependent on relationships)

Question 20

Two species more closely related to one another than another then to any other species?
a) Phylogeny
b) Apomorphic
c) sister species
d) Plelsiomorphic

Answer 20

sister species
(two species more close are considered sisters)

Question 21

What are the 3 r’s?

Answer 21

1) Replacement
2) Reduction
3) Refinement
(place duct fine)

Question 22

Burrowing behavior in mice are considered?
a) apomorphic
b) phylogeny
c) Plesiomorphic
d) Control group

Answer 22

derived trait (apomorphic)

Joe burrow is a morphic

Question 23

Encourages use of computer modeling videotapes, or other approaches are called? (instead of using animals)
a) Replacement
b) Reduction
c) Refinement
d) apomorphic

Answer 23

replacement

Question 24

Promotes limiting the number of animals subject to disturbance in research or teaching is called?
a) Replacement
b) Reduction
c) Refinement
d) apomorphic

Answer 24

reduction
(reduce is limiting disturbance)

Question 25

involves improving procedures and techniques to minimize pain and stress for animals is called?
a) Replacement
b) Reduction
c) Refinement
d) apomorphic

Answer 25

refinement
(pain and stress come with being fine)

Question 26

The ability to evaluate scientific information critically and ascertain it validity this is called?
a) Scientific literacy
b) Primary literature
c) secondary literature
d) Refinement

Answer 26

Scientific literacy

Question 27

ORIGINAL SOURCE of scientific information, must seek approval, conduct research, analyze findings, write and submit manuscripts (peer review- major difference) this is called?
a) Scientific literacy
b) Primary literature
c) secondary literature
d) Refinement

Answer 27

Primary literature

Question 28

A report that summarizes and interprets the primary ligature (different form review article) this is called?
a) Scientific literacy
b) Primary literature
c) secondary literature
d) Refinement

Answer 28

Secondary litature