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Animal Behavior > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Relatively short distance, one way movement is called?
a)
b)
c)
d) dispersal

A

Dispersal

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2
Q

Dispersal REDUCES COMPETITION for resources this is called?
a) inbreeding avoidance hypothesis
b) win stay lose shift dispersal
c) site fidelity
d) competition hypothesis

A

Competition Hypothesis

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3
Q

(Competition hypothesis)
___________: 2 Sites IDENTICAL amounts of FOOD; DIFFER in DENSITY of individuals

A

prediction 1

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4
Q

(Competition Hypothesis)
___________: 2 Sites have SAME DENSITY of individuals; DIFFER in quality of FOOD higher dispersal in SITE WITH LESS FOOD

A

Prediction 2

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5
Q

Does conspecific density affect earthworm dispersal?

A

Competition for resources will result in INCREASE dispersal

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6
Q

(Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms)
Greater dispersal will occur with ___________ population density

A

HIGHER

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7
Q

(Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms)
Lower density = ______________

A

Lower dispersal

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8
Q

(Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms)
Higher density= ______________

A

Higher dispersal

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9
Q

(Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms)
Competitor density affects _______

A

Dispersal

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10
Q

(Density-dependent dispersal in earthworms)
Which prediction does this support?
a) prediction 1
b) prediction 2

A

Prediction 1 of (COMPETITION HYPOTHESIS)

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11
Q

(Food-related dispersal in water boatmen)
How is water boatmen dispersal affected by PREY density level?

A

Higher dispersal = LOW DENSITY prey pools

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12
Q

(Food-related dispersal in water boatmen)
-Competition for food facilitates PREDATOR dispersal
-Which prediction does this support?

A

Prediction 2 (competition hypothesis)

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13
Q

One-time movement from place of birth (natal location) this is called?

A

Natal Dispersal

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14
Q

Why does natal dispersal occur?

A

Resources and (INBREEDING AVOIDANCE)

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15
Q

Reduction of fitness as result of mating with CLOSE RELATIVES is called?

A

Inbreeding depression

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16
Q

Natal dispersal MINIMIZES likelihood of inbreeding this is called?
a) Inbreeding depression
b) natal dispersal
c) inbreeding avoidance hypothesis
d) competition hypothesis

A

Inbreeding Avoidance Hypothesis

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17
Q

In birds and mammals there is _______________ natal dispersal
-INBREEDING AVOIDANCE HYPOTHESIS: Natal dispersal behavior minimizes the like hood of inbreeding

A

Sex biased

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18
Q

(inbreeding avoidance in great tits)
Individuals that dispersed ___________________ were less likely to be mated with a ______________

A

1) greater distance
2) Relative

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19
Q

(inbreeding avoidance in great tits)
Individuals that mated with close relative had dispersed _________ from natal site

A

Shortest

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20
Q

(inbreeding avoidance in great tits)
Dispersal behavior can influence the _________________
This supports which hypothesis?
a) breeding dispersal
b) reproductive success
c) public information
d) personal information
e) inbreeding

A

1) Inbreeding
2) Inbreeding avoidance hypothesis

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21
Q

Abandoning one breeding site and moving to another is called?
a) breeding dispersal
b) reproductive success
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Breeding dispersal

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22
Q

individuals that remain or return to a place that was previously occupied this is called?
a) breeding dispersal
b) reproductive success
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Site fidelity

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23
Q

Species exhibit site fidelity after REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; exhibit BREEDING DISPERSAL after reproductive failure this is called
a) breeding dispersal
b) Win-stay lose-shift
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Win-Stay Lose-Shift dispersal pattern

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24
Q

What factors affect breeding dispersal in dragonflies?
a) breeding dispersal
b) reproductive success
c) public information
d) personal information

A

Reproductive success

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25
Q

(breeding dispersal in dragonflies)
MATING SUCCESS affects breeding dispersal
Evidence for _______________________ for dispersal decisions
a) breeding dispersal
b) Win-stay lose-shift
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Win-stay Lost-shift

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26
Q

Information obtained from ACTIVITY OR PERFORMANCE of others about quality of an environment parameter or resource this is called?
a) breeding dispersal
b) Win-stay lose-shift
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Public information

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27
Q

What affects breeding dispersal in kittiwakes?

A

Patch-wide reproductive success in subcolonies affects breeding dispersal

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28
Q

What cause failed breeders should abandon breeding site in Kittiwakes?
a) breeding dispersal
b) Win-stay lose-shift
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Personal information

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29
Q

If kittiwakes use _________________, and failed breeder is surrounded by successful breeders: should not abandon breeding site
a) breeding dispersal
b) Win-stay lose-shift
c) public information
d) personal information
e) Site fidelity

A

Public information

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30
Q

(public information and breeding dispersal in Kittiwakes)
Many (70%) control patch birds ____________ the next year

A

Returned to same breeding site

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31
Q

(public information and breeding dispersal in Kittiwakes)
_________________ patch birds returned to same breeding sites the next year (less than 50%)

A

fewer treatment

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32
Q

(public information and breeding dispersal in Kittiwakes)
_______________________ affects breeding dispersal decisions

A

Information from conspecifics

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33
Q

Relatively LONG DISTANCE 2 way movements is called?

A

Migration

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34
Q

In the serengti, mammals track ___________________ of grass

A

Available biomass/quality

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35
Q

(resource variation and migration in neotropical birds)
What factors are important in determining whether a species migrates or not?
1) Takes advantage of spatial variation in _______________
2) Avoid seasonal __________________ at different locations

A

1) conditions
2) resource depression

36
Q

(resource variation and migration in neotropical birds)
Species exposed to high fluctuation in environmental _________ and ____________ will more likely to migrate than species that live in more stable __________________ environments

A

1) conditions
2) resources
3) resource

37
Q

(resource variation and migration in neotropical birds)
Fluctuations in ______________ and environmental conditions can affect migratory behavior

A

Resource level

38
Q

For migratory behavior to evolve, it must be ______________
a) High density
b) fixed genetic trait
c) heritable trait
d) polymorphism

A

Heritable

39
Q

Who developed estimated heritability of migratory behavior in eurasian blackcaps?

A

Pulido, Berthold Mohr and Querner

40
Q

(Heritability of migration behavior in Eurasian blackcaps)
______________________ in date of onset migratory __________________ in parent and offspring regression

A

1) Positive correlation
2) Restlessness

41
Q

(Heritability of migration behavior in Eurasian blackcaps)
Onset of migratory behavior is ______________
a) High density
b) fixed genetic trait
c) heritable trait
d) polymorphism

A

heritable trait

42
Q

If SOME individuals in population have higher fitness when migrating, then population may exhibit ____________________

A

Partial migration

43
Q

If ALL individuals who migrate have higher fitness, then ______________________________

A

population becomes migratory

44
Q

(Competition and migratory behavior of newt)
How do environmental conditions affect migratory behavior?

A

Competition for resources will result in more individuals migrating

45
Q

(Competition and migratory behavior of newt)
More newts migrated out of _____________________ enclosures

A

High density

46
Q

(Competition and migratory behavior of newt)
Population density affects _____________________ of newts

A

Migratory behavior

47
Q

Migratory behavior could be __________________________
a) High density
b) fixed genetic trait
c) heritable trait
d) polymorphism

A

fixed genetic trait

48
Q

Frequency-dependent selection maintains __________________________
-Migratory behavior dependent on ________________________

A

1) Polymorphism
2) Individual condition

49
Q

What maintains resident and migratory behaviors within a population of dippers?

A

Fitness of residents higher than that of migrants; migratory behavior is condition dependent

50
Q

Determination and maintenance of PROPER DIRECTION is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass

A

Orientation

51
Q

Determining PARTICULAR LOCATION and moving towards it this is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass

A

Navigation

52
Q

Use of sun for orientation this is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass

A

Sun compass

53
Q

Use of STARS OR CONSTELLATIONS to orient this is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass

A

Star compass

54
Q

Use of EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELDS to orient this is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) geomagnetic compass

A

Geomagnetic compass

55
Q

Gray whales use coastline
This is an example
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) physical landmarks

A

Animals use physical landmarks as cue for directional information

56
Q

Nocturnal animals can use _____________ orientation cage experiment with sharp-tailed sandpiper
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass

A

Star compass

57
Q

Magnetic field flows south to north - has ____________

A

polarity

58
Q

Intensity of field strongest at _________ and weakest at magnetic ___________

A

1) Poles
2) equator

59
Q

Monarch butterflies display?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

INTERGENERATIONAL MIGRATION

60
Q

Different generations migrate to new areas this is called?
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Intergenerational migration

61
Q

Monarch butterflies use
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

sun compass

62
Q

(antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs)
____________ migrated in correct direction (S/SW)

A

Controls

63
Q

(antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs)
Clock-shifted group moved in __________________ direction

A

Westward

64
Q

(antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs)
Clock-shifted animals had reset internal clock had so that their (daybreak) occurred at __________

A

noon

65
Q

(antennae and the sun compass system in monarchs)
At noon, the sun was in the southern sky, but they interpreted this position __________ the normal direction of the sun at daybreak- and so migrated in the wrong direction

A

East

66
Q

Monarch butterflies use a _____________ associated with the ANTENNAE.
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Sun compass

67
Q

(Monarch butterflies)
Controls (with antennae) oriented _____________________

A

South/southwest

68
Q

(Monarch butterflies)
Antennae-less did not orient in a

A

Particular direction

69
Q

(Monarch butterflies)
____________________ required for orientation

A

Antennae or photoreceptors

70
Q

Migration flyways of monarch butterflies

A

Journey North

71
Q

Sea turtles use _________________ to orient properly during migration

A

Magnetic compass

72
Q

Loggerhead turtles use ______________________
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Geomagnetic compass

73
Q

Pigeons use magnetic fields and chemoreception to orient in the right direction this is called?

A

Multimodal orientation

74
Q

Pigeons use a _____________, can also orient on cloudy days
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Sun compass

75
Q

Pigeons with _______________________ failed to orient properly

A

Altered magnetic field

76
Q

Pigeons lacking _______________ also fail to orient properly
a) instincts
b) photoreception
c) machanoreception
d) Chemoreception

A

Chemoreception

77
Q

Ability to identify GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION using two varying ENVIRONMENTAL gradients
(Latitude and Longitude)
This is called?
a) Orientation
b) Bicoordinate navigation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Bicoordinate navigation

78
Q

Sea turtles use ________________
a) Bicoordinate Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Bicoordinate navigation

79
Q

Sea turtles use _______________________ to orient in different directions; __________________

A

1) Earth magnetic field
2) Instinctual

80
Q

Juveniles sea turtles remain in shallow coastal feeding ground near natal beach for extended period. Turtle displaced 337 km north oriented and tried to move _____________
Turtles displaced 337 km south oriented and tried to move ____________
Sea turtles can use variation in earths ___________________ as map for orientation

A

1) south
2) north
3) Magnetic fields

81
Q

Birds use ____________________
a) Bicoordinate Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

bicoordinate navigation

82
Q

Displaced birds oriented to ________________

A

northwest compensate

83
Q

Eurasian reed warblers display ______________
a) Bicoordinate Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

Bicoordinate navigation

84
Q

Salmonids return to ________________ for spawning

A

natal stream

85
Q

Salmonids may use olfaction imprinting and __________________ reception
a) Navigation
b) orientation
c) Star compass
d) Sun compass
e) Geomagnetic compass
f) Intergenerational migration

A

geomagnetic

86
Q

Salmon may use ________________________ to get close to NATAL STREAM and __________________ to determine specific natal stream

A

1) Geomagnetic imprinting
3) Olfaction imprinting

87
Q

Several species that detect magnetic fields depends on light sensitive chemical reactions in ________________________

A

retina protein cryptochrome

Animal Behavior (15 decks)

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