Chapter 37: Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care Flashcards
sepsis
Infection
ebb phase
Occurring immediately after injury, is associated with hypovolemia, shock, and tissue hypoxia
flow phase
Follows fluid resuscitation, colloids, and restoration of oxygen transport
catecholamines
Epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the adrenal medulla
counterregulatory hormones
Are elevated after injury and sepsis, play a role in the accelerated proteolysis
cortisol
Released from the adrenal cortex in response to stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, enhances skeletal muscle catabolism and promotes hepatic use of amino acids for gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and acute-phase protein synthesis
acute-phase proteins
Secretory proteins produced by the liver
interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Released by phagocytic cells in response to tissue damage, infection, inflammation, and some medications
cytokines
Proinflammatory proteins
interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Released by phagocytic cells in response to tissue damage, infection, inflammation, and some medications
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Released by phagocytic cells in response to tissue damage, infection, inflammation, and some medications
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Describes the widespread inflammation that can occur in infection, pancreatitis, ischemia, burns, multiple traumas, hemorrhagic shock, or immunologically mediated organ injury
quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA)
A practical scoring system to define organ dysfunction of a potentially septic patient
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
The syndrome generally begins with lung failure and is followed by failure of the liver, intestines, and kidney in no particular order
shock
A critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body.
ileus
Lack of peristalsis in the stomach and small bowel
tight junctions
Junctions between the intraepithelial cells
epithelial barrier function (EBF)
The barrier regulates nutrient absorption as well as prevents the invasion of pathogenic bacteria in the host
nutrition support therapy
Incorporates early EN when feasible, appropriate macro- and micronutrient delivery, and glycemic control
hemodynamic
Maintenance of airway and breathing, adequate circulating fluid volume and tissue oxygenation, and acid-base neutrality
abdominal compartment syndrome
Occurs with increased intraabdominal pressure, often after major abdominal trauma or sepsis
total body surface area (TBSA) burned
The extent of a burn injury
