Chapter 12: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support Methods Flashcards
enteral nutrition (EN)
Nutrition provided through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) via a catheter or a tube or stoma that delivers nutrients distal to the oral cavity
parenteral nutrition (PN)
The provision of nutrients intravenously
sentinel events
Undesirable outcomes such as unexpected death, serious physical injury with loss of limb or function, or psychological injury
computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
A system that allows prescribers to enter an order directly into a computer, often aided by decision-support technology to help facilitate accuracy and clinical effectiveness
French size
The measure of the outer tube diameter. One French unit is 0.33 mm
nasogastric tube (NGT)
Used most commonly to access the GIT, for gastric decompression, medication delivery, and/of feeding. Only appropriate for short time periods
nasoduodenal tube (NDT)
A tube that terminates in the duodenum.
nasojejunal tube (NJT)
A tube that terminates in the jejunum
percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG)
A nonsurgical technique for placing a tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall. PEG refers to the procedure, not the tube
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ)
A nonsurgical technique for placing a tube directly into the jejunum through the abdominal wall
gastrojejunostomy
A surgical procedure in which an anastomosis is created between the stomach and the proximal loop of the jejunum
gastrointestinal decompression
Removal of the contents of the stomach through a nasogastric tube
multiple lumen tube
Includes one lumen for decompression and one for feeding into the small bowel
osmalality
The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram
polymeric enteral formula
Enteral formulas that contain intact macronutrients, are lactose free, and frequently may be used as an oral supplement as well as an enteral feeding
closed enteral system
The container or bag is prefilled with sterile liquid formula by the manufacturer and is “ready to feed” after connecting to the patient’s feeding access
open enteral system
The contents of the formula cans or packages are poured into a separate empty container or bag and then connected to the feeding access
hang time
The length of time an enteral formula hanging at room temperature is considered safe for delivery to the patient
bolus enteral feedings
Administered over 5 to 20 minutes, these feedings are more convenient and less expensive than pump or gravity bolus feedings and should be encouraged when tolerated
intermittent enteral feedings
Cyclic regimens allow mobile patients an improved quality of life by offering time “off the pump” and more autonomy. Intermittent feedings can be given by pump or by gravity drip.
gastric residual volumes (GRV)
The amount of liquid drained from a stomach following administration of enteral feed. Significant disagreement exists about using GRV as an indicator of EN tolerance
central parenteral nutrition (CPN)
Central access refers to catheter tip placement in a large, high-blood-flow vein such as the superior vena cava
peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)
Refers to catheter tip placement in a small vein, typically in the hand or forearm
osmolarity
The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter
peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
May be used for short- or moderate-term infusion in the hospital or in the home. This catheter is inserted into a vein in the antecubital area of the arm and threaded into the subclavian vein with the catheter tip placed in the superior vena cava
intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE)
Provide calories and the essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) in PN to avoid EFAD
home parenteral nutrition (HPN)
PN received at home. Most often is infused during 10 to 12 hours per day with the lipid as part of the PN solution.
total nutrient mixture aka 3-in-1 solution
Parenteral nutrition method that combines the lipid emulsion with dextrose and amino acid solution
rebound hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels resulting from abrupt cessation of parenteral nutrition
hemodynamic stability
Maintenance of adequate blood pressure
refeeding syndrome
Can lead to severe, potentially lethal electrolyte fluctuations involving metabolic, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular problems. Refeeding syndrome occurs when energy substrates, particularly carbohydrate, are introduced into the plasma of anabolic patients
transitional feeding
Moving from one type of feeding to another, with several feeding methods used simultaneously while continuously administering estimated nutrient requirements
home enteral nutrition (HEN)
Enteral nutrition received at home
advance directives
Legal documents that state patient preferences about aspects of care, including those regarding the use of nutrition support
durable medical equipment (DME) provider
Providers who may provide clinical services
