Chapter 11: Food and Nutrient Delivery: Bioactive Substances and Integrative Care Flashcards
adverse events (AE)
any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in humans, whether or not considered drug related
acupuncture
a system of integrative medicine that involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles, used to alleviate pain and to treat various physical, mental, and emotional conditions. Originating in ancient China, acupuncture is now widely practiced in the West.
alternative medicine
medical products and practices that are not part of standard care
American Botanical Council
A nonprofit organization that is passionate about helping people live healthier lives. Educating on the science-based safe and effective use of herbs.
American Herbalists Guild
The American Herbalists Guild was founded in 1989 as a non-profit, educational organization to represent the goals and voices of herbalists specializing in the medicinal use of plants. Our primary goal is to promote a high level of professionalism and education in the study and practice of therapeutic herbalism
Ayurveda
the traditional Hindu system of medicine, which is based on the idea of balance in bodily systems and uses diet, herbal treatment, and yogic breathing.
bioactive compound
A type of chemical found in small amounts in plants and certain foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils, and whole grains). Have actions in the body that may promote good health
botanical medicine
comprises plants (or substances that come from plants) that are used to treat or prevent disease
chi (qi)
the circulating life energy that in Chinese philosophy is thought to be inherent in all things; in traditional Chinese medicine the balance of negative and positive forms in the body is believed to be essential for good health.
chiropractic medicine
A system of diagnosis and treatment based on the concept that the nervous system coordinates all of the body’s functions, and that disease results from a lack of normal nerve function. Chiropractic employs manipulation and adjustment of body structures, such as the spinal column, so that pressure on nerves coming from the spinal cord due to displacement (subluxation) of a vertebral body may be relieved.
Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex)
an agency with international significance. Created to protect the health of consumers and to ensure fair practices in international food trade
complementary medicine
any of a range of medical therapies that fall beyond the scope of scientific medicine but may be used alongside it in the treatment of disease and ill health. Examples include acupuncture and osteopathy.
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
medical products and practices that are not part of standard medical care
complementary and integrative medicine (CIM)
complementary medicine is used together with mainstream medical care. An example is using acupuncture to help with side effects of cancer treatment. When health care providers and facilities offer both types of care, it is called integrative medicine
dietary supplement
products taken by mouth that contain a “dietary ingredient.” Dietary ingredients include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbs or botanicals, as well as other substances that can be used to supplement the diet.
dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 (DSHEA)
defined dietary supplements under the category of food and explicitly removed them from consideration as drugs or dietary additives
dietary supplement label database
a database of dietary supplements used in the United States
drug nutrient interaction (DNI)
physical, chemical, physiologic, or pathophysiologic relationships between a drug and a nutrient.
East Asian medicine
refers to the traditional methods used to promote health and healing that come from China, Japan, and Korea.
excipients
an inactive substance that serves as the vehicle or medium for a drug or other active substance.
functional medicine
a systems biology–based approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root cause of disease
generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
a status label assigned by the FDA to a listing of substances (GRAS list ) not known to be hazardous to health and thus approved for use in foods.
health claim
describe a relationship between a food substance (a food, food component, or dietary supplement ingredient), and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition
holistic medicine
a form of healing that considers the whole person – body, mind, spirit, and emotions – in the quest for optimal health and wellness
homeopathy
the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of disease.
integrative medicine
a form of medical therapy that combines practices and treatments from alternative medicine with conventional medicine.
megadose
a dose many times larger than the usual, especially of a vitamin or drug.
meridians
each of a set of pathways in the body along which vital energy is said to flow. There are twelve such pathways associated with specific organs.
moxibustion
he burning of moxa on or near a person’s skin as a counterirritant.
naturopathy
a system of alternative medicine based on the theory that diseases can be successfully treated or prevented without the use of drugs, by techniques such as control of diet, exercise, and massage.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
Defines through rigorous scientific investigation, the usefulness and safety of complementary and integrative interventions and their roles in improving health and health care.
new dietary ingredient (NDI)
a dietary ingredient that was not marketed in the United States in a dietary supplement before October 15, 1994.
pharmacognosy
the branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources.
phytochemical
any of various biologically active compounds found in plants.
phytotherapy
the study of the use of extracts of natural origin as medicines or health-promoting agents. It should be perceived as an allopathic discipline, because the effects that are expected from HMP are directed against the causes and the symptoms of a disease.
structure function claim
describe the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient intended to affect the normal structure or function of the human body
subluxation
interferences to the body’s natural ability to maintain health
third party certification
an independent organization has reviewed the manufacturing process of a product and has independently determined that the final product complies with specific standards for safety, quality or performance
tolerable upper limit (UL)
the maximum daily intake levels at which no risk of adverse health effects is expected for almost all individuals in the general population— including sensitive individuals—when the nutrient is consumed over long periods of time.
vis medicatrix naturae
the healing force of nature, is the underlying precept of holistic medicine. The philosophy states that when a person lives according to the laws of nature, the body has the ability to self-heal or the overall health of the individual will improve.
