Chapter 2: Intake: Energy

Question 1

basal energy expenditure (BEE)

Answer 1

The amount of energy that should be sufficient to cover all movement and bodily processes necessary for an organism to survive for a day

Question 2

total energy expenditure (TEE)

Answer 2

The amount of calories burned by the human body in one day adjusted to the amount of activity

Question 3

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 3

The minimum amount of energy expended that is compatible with life

Question 4

resting energy expenditure (REE) or resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Answer 4

The energy expended in the activities necessary to sustain normal body functions and homeostasis

Question 5

lean body mass (LBW)

Answer 5

The mass of the body minus the fat

Question 6

fat-free mass (FFM)

Answer 6

Refers exclusively to the composite materials making up the human body that do not contain fat deposits, such as vital organs, bones, connective tissue, and water

Question 7

high-metabolic rate organs (HMROs)

Answer 7

The liver, brain, heart, spleen, intestines, and kidneys

Question 8

thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 8

The increase in energy expenditure associated with the consumption, digestion, and absorption of food

Question 9

obligatory thermogenesis

Answer 9

The energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients, including the synthesis and storage of protein, fat, and carbohydrate

Question 10

facultative thermogenesis

Answer 10

The “excess” energy expended in addition to the obligatory thermogenesis and is thought to be attributable to the metabolic inefficiency of the system stimulated by sympathetic nerve activity

Question 11

activity thermogenesis (AT)

Answer 11

Includes non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), the energy expended during activities of daily living, and the energy expended during sports of fitness exercise

Question 12

non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Answer 12

Represents the energy expended during the workday and leisure-type activities, which may account for vast differences in energy costs among people

Question 13

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 13

A measurably increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity

Question 14

calorie

Answer 14

Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 mL of water at 15 degrees celsius by 1 degree celsius

Question 15

kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 15

1,000 calories. Used to measure calories because the amount of energy involved in the metabolism of food is fairly large

Question 16

direct calorimetry

Answer 16

Measurement of the amount of heat produced by a subject enclosed within a small chamber

Question 17

indirect calorimetry (IC)

Answer 17

Measurement of the amount of heat produced by a subject by determination of the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated

Question 18

respiratory quotient (RQ)

Answer 18

The volume of carbon dioxide released over the volume of oxygen absorbed during respiration

Question 19

estimated energy requirements (EER)

Answer 19

Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health

Question 20

physical activity level (PAL)

Answer 20

Four levels of activity include sedentary, low active, active, and very active

Question 21

metabolic equivalents (METs)

Answer 21

Units of measurement that correspond with a person’s metabolic rate during selected physical activities of varying intensities and are expressed as multiples of REE