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Microbiology > Chapter 37-39-40 Gastro Adeno Papilloma > Flashcards

Chapter 37-39-40 Gastro Adeno Papilloma Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is viral gastroenteritis

A
  • inflammation of stomach or intestines
  • important disease of infants and children
  • leading cause of childhood death in developing countries
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2
Q

what is the genome and medical significance of group A rotavirus

A

-segmented dsRNA
- major cause of diarrhea in children 6-24 months

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3
Q

what is the genome of group B and C rotavirus

A

-segmented dsRNA

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4
Q

what is the genome and medical significane of norovirus

A
  • positive ssRNA
  • major cause of diarrhea outbreaks in children and adults
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5
Q

what is the genome of sapovirus

A

positive ssRNA

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6
Q

what is the genome of enteric adenovirus

A

linear dsDNA

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7
Q

what is the genome of astrovirus

A

positive ssRNA

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8
Q

what is genome of aichi virus

A

positive ssRNA

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9
Q

what percentage of diarrhea cases have unknown etiology

A

50%

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10
Q

rotaviruses are members of the _____ family

A

reovirus

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11
Q

what are reoviruses and what do they stand for

A
  • respiratory enteric orphan viruses
    -nonenveloped
  • inner and outer capsids
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12
Q

what do rotaviruses do

A

lysis of infected cells

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13
Q

what can rotaviruses cause

A

potentially fatal dehydration

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14
Q

how are rotaviruses transmitted

A
  • fecal-oral
  • acid stability conferred by double capsid structure
  • as few as 10 virus particles can cause infection
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15
Q

how do rotaviruses cause watery diarrhea

A
  • virus produces enterotoxin: binds integrins; signaling results secretion of chloride and water
  • infected gut epithelial cells destroyed and replaced by immature epithelial cells
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16
Q

what is the most common type of rotavirus in the US

A

group A

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17
Q

what are the treatments for rotavirus

A

vaccine for infants is more than 75% effective

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18
Q

describe noroviruses

A
  • positive strand RNA
  • naked capsid virions
  • replication similar to picornaviruses
  • has a 5’ VPg protein on RNA
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19
Q

describe norovirus infections

A
  • sympomatic/supportive therapy
  • no vaccine yet
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20
Q

describe adenovirus

A
  • linear double stranded DNA genome
  • noneveloped
  • isocahedral capsid
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21
Q

whats the mechanism of action for adenovirus

A
  • viral nucleoprotein complex enter cell nucleus
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22
Q

what is the gene expression of adenovirus

A
  • temporal: pre-early, early and late genes
23
Q

when are transcriptional regulators produced and what do they do

A

during one phase
- act to promotoe transcription of genes of subsequent phase

24
Q

describe adenovirus replication

A

only one of the 2 DNA strands is copied at each replication fork
- no discontinuous replication
- priming is by a viral protein

25
Q

what accounts for 5-10% of all viral infections

A

adenovirus

26
Q

what are the normal symptoms of adenovirus infection

A

common cold symptoms

27
Q

what is the adenovirus vaccine and who is it given to

A

given to new military recruits
- targets serotypes 4 and 7

28
Q

what serotypes is ARDs

A

4 and 7

29
Q

what are adenovirus’ mechanisms for evasion of host defense

A
  • block MHC class I mRNA production
  • block transport of MHC class I proteins to the cell surface: results in blocking of killing by CTLs
30
Q

how does adenovirus drive the host cell into cell division

A
  • adenovirus E1a and E1b proteins interfere with cell division controllers
  • E1b sequesters p53
  • E1a sequesters Rb
31
Q

viral infection can potentially drive a cell towards a ______

A

cancerous state

32
Q

what is the associated cancer with adenoviridae

A

various solid tumors

33
Q

how does the cell repair DNA during G1

A
  • p53 recognizes DNA damage and activates P21
  • P21 binds and inactivates the cyclin CDK complex which has already begun to be produced in response to different signals
  • DNA is repaired, p53 decreases and p21 no longer blocks cyclin CDK
34
Q

what does inactivation of p53 by adenovirus E1b protein prevent

A

activation of p21

35
Q

what does adenovirus E1a protein binding to Rb complex prevent

A

Rb from negatively regulating E2f

36
Q

what is the genome for HPV

A

double stranded ciruclar
- nonenveloped

37
Q

what are the different types of HPV

A

cutaneous or mucosal

38
Q

how long is the HPV infection process

A

3-4 months

39
Q

what is the mechanism of action of HPV

A
  • HPV accesses basal layer through breaks in skin, viral early genes stimulate cell growth
  • HPV reproduction coordinated with development of keratinocytes
  • as cells move through skin layers HPV gene expression and DNA replication begins
  • late proteins only made in differentiated layers
  • assembly occurs in nucleus during keratinocytes development
  • nuclear remnant with viral particles shed at skin surface
  • HPVs are not lytic
40
Q

what are koilocytes

A

enlarged keratinocytes with clear halos around enlarged nuclei - characterisitic of HPV infection

41
Q

how is HPV spread

A

skin to skin by:
- breaks in skin
- mucous membranes
- during birth

42
Q

what are warts of oropharynx in HPC called and what do they lead to

A
  • laryngeal papillomas
  • respiratory papillomatosis: hoarseess is usualy symptom, respiratory distress and secondary bacterial pneumonia in children
43
Q

what are the most benign epithelial tumors in the oral cavity

A

single oral papillomas

44
Q

what are anogenital warts and what are they caused by

A

condylomata acuminata
-90% caused by HPV-6 and -11

45
Q

HPV is present in ____% of cervical cancers

A

99.7%

46
Q

_____% of cervical carcinomas contain integrated HPV DNA

A

greater than 85%

47
Q

what are the high risk types of HPV

A

16 and 18

48
Q

what is a pap smear

A

cells are scraped from the cervix and examined under a microscope to check for disease or other problems

49
Q

how is cancer related HPV diagnosed

A
  • wart confirmed microscopically
  • hyperpalsia of prickle cells
  • excess keratin production
50
Q

what is the treatment for HPV

A
  • gardasil for 16 and 18 (cervical cancer)
  • cervarix for 16 and 18
51
Q

what are the only 2 HPV proteins always expressed in cervical cancer cells

A

E6 and E7

52
Q

what cancers do papillomaviruses cause

A

papillomas and carcinomas

53
Q

what is the mechanism of action of papillomaviruses

A
  • inactivation of p53 by HPV E6 protein
54
Q

what does SV40 LT do

A

promotes disassembly of Rb-E2f complex
- E2f then is free to activate transcription of cellular DNA synthesis genes thereby preventing Rb from controlling cell division

Microbiology (39 decks)

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