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Microbiology > Chapter 34-35-36 Paramyxo- Rabies and Influenza > Flashcards

Chapter 34-35-36 Paramyxo- Rabies and Influenza Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do paramyxoviruses cause

A
  • measles virus
  • mumps virus
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • parainfluenza virus
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2
Q

what do rhabdoviruses cause

A

rabies

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3
Q

what do orthomyxoviruses cause

A

influenza viruses A B and C

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4
Q

describe the structure of paramyxoviruses

A
  • helical nucleocapsid
  • pleomorphic envelope
  • hemagglutinin binds sialic acid
  • minus stranded RNA
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5
Q

describe paramyxovirus replication

A
  • virus brings in RNA polymerase which transcribes minus RNA into plus RNAs
  • replication is cytoplasmic
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6
Q

describe measles viruses features

A
  • hemagglutinings
  • F protein
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7
Q

what does F protein do

A

causes membranes to fuse together to allow viral entry into cells

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8
Q

how does measles enter body

A

through respiratory tract

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9
Q

what responses modulate the outcome of measles

A

humoral and cellular immune

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10
Q

what are the characterisitc lesions of the oral cavity in measles caleld

A

koplik spots

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11
Q

what are the 3 C’s of measles

A

cough , coryza, and conjunctivitis

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12
Q

what is coryza

A

describes symptoms of a head cold

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13
Q

what are the complications of measles

A
  • pneumonia
  • bacterial superinfections of middle ear and lung
  • pneumococci, staphylococci, and meningococci
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14
Q

what is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in measles

A

rare progressive degeneration of CNS caused by measles

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15
Q

what is the treatment, prevention and control of measles

A
  • symptomatic therapy
  • attenuated measles vaccine: MMR
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16
Q

describe mumps virus

A
  • paramyxovirus, pleomorphic, enveloped virus
  • helical nucelocapsid
  • negative strand RNA
17
Q

what are the clincial manifestations of mumps and when do they develop

A
  • develop 16-18 days after infection
  • fever and swelling and tenderness of salivary glands
  • complications include meningitis and orchitis
18
Q

describe respiratory syncytial virus

A
  • minus stranded RNA
  • enveloped
  • G protein binds host cells
  • F protein causes membrane fusion
19
Q

how does respiratory syncytial virus infect

A
  • enters respiraotry epithelial cells then spreads downward along mucosa
  • no clinically significatn spread to other sites
20
Q

how is RSV spread

A

hand contact and respiratory secretions

21
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of RSV

A
  • acute onset of fever, cough, rhinitis, and nasal congestion
  • often progresses quickly to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia
22
Q

what is bronchiolitis

A

bronchiole obstruction that can lead to respiratory failure

23
Q

what is the treatment for RSV

A

rapid immunologic tests

24
Q

describe rabies viruses

A
  • negative strand RNA virus
  • highly neurotropic
    -enveloped
25
Q

how is rabies transmitted

A
  • bites of infected animals
  • aerosols in caves where bats roost
  • contamination of scratches, abrasions, open wounds or mucous membranes with saliva of infected animals
26
Q

how long can incubation of rabies be

A

up to 12 months depending on size of inoculum and located of bite

27
Q

what are negri bodies

A

masses of nucleocapsids in cytoplasm in brain tissue of 70-90% of rabies infected humans

28
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of rabies and when does it begin

A
  • 2-16 weeks after exposure
  • pain or parasthesia at wound site, axiety, or irritablitie, depression , fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and sensitivity to light and sound
  • hydrophobia: contractions of muscles involved in swallwoing
  • quickly progresses to paralysis
  • death from destruction of regions of brain that regulate breathing
29
Q

what is the treatment, prevention and control of rabies

A
  • passive administration of antibody
  • postexposure vaccine
  • preexposure vaccine of individuals with high risk of exposure
30
Q

describe orthomyxoviruses

A
  • minus stranded RNA
  • enveloped
31
Q

what does neuraminidase do

A

release of virus from envelope
- cleaves sialic acid

32
Q

what are typical flu symptoms due to

A

interferons

33
Q

what is the treamtent for flu

A
  • amantidine
  • rimantidine (A strain only)
  • ribavirin (A and B strain)
34
Q

what is the flu vaccine

A

inactivated virus vaccine

35
Q

what is antigenic shift

A
  • caused by reassortment of viral genomic fragments during a mixed infection by two different flu viruses
36
Q

what is antigenic drift

A

changes in influenze virus surface proteins due to point mutations that occur during viral replication

37
Q

why was the spanish flu so deadly

A

killed from a cytokine storm from unchecked positive feedback loops

Microbiology (39 decks)

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