Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 1- Introduction to Immune System > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Introduction to Immune System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define immunity

A

resistance to infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define immune system

A

collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define immune response

A

coordinated reaction of the immune system to infectious microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define immunology

A

study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and damaged tissues and its role in diseasE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would be an implication if the role of the immune system “defense against infections” was compromised

A

deficient immunity results in increased susceptibility to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does vaccination do

A

boosts immune defenses and protects against infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what would be an implication if the role of the immune system “defense against tumors” was compromised

A

potential for immunotherapy of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what would be an implication if the role of the immune system “injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation” was compromised

A

immune responses are the cause of allergic, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what would be an implication if the role of the immune system “ability to recognize and respond to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins” was compromised

A

immune responses are barrier to transplantation and gene therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the immune system

A

innate immunity and adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the components of innate immunity

A

-epithelial barriers
-mast cells
- phagocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages
- dendritic cells
- NK cells and type 1 inferferons (IFN alpha/beta)
- complement system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the components of adaptive immunity

A
  • B lymphocytes
  • plasma cells
  • antibodies
  • T lymphocytes
  • effector T cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which part of the immune system works faster

A

innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how fast does the innate immune response take

A

within hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the innate immune response recognized and what are they

A
  • PAMPs: pathogen associated molecular patterns
  • DAMPs: damage associated molecular patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

genes encoding receptors that recognize PAMPS are present in the ______

A

germ line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe PAMPs

A
  • do not undergo somatic recombination or hypermutation
  • no clonal expansion of cells of innate immune system in response to infection
  • nonreactive to self
  • no memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which part of the immune system is antigen specific

A

adaptive immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how long does it take for the adaptive immune system to be effective

A

days to weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the adaptive immune system recognize

A

specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

functional genes encoding antigen receptors are _____ present in the germ line

A

not

22
Q

what are functional antigen receptor genes generated by

A

somatic recombination and mutation of germ line genes during maturation of B cells and T cells prior to exposure to any antigens

23
Q

what does clonal selecction and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes depend on

A

exposure to specific antigens

24
Q

is the adaptive immune system reactive to intself

A

no

25
Q

which part of the immune system contributes to immunologic memory

A

adaptive

26
Q

what are the types of adaptive immunity

A

humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

27
Q

describe the process of humoral immunity

A

-B lymphocytes respond to extracellular microbes
- antibody is secreted
- blocks infections and eliminates extracellular microbes

28
Q

describe the process of cell mediated immunity

A
  • phagocytosed microbes within macrophages
  • helper T lymphocyte attaches to macrophage
  • elimination of phagocytosed microbes
    OR
  • intracellular microbes replicate within infected cell
  • cytotoxic T lymphocyte kill infected cell
  • kills infected cells and eliminates resevoirs of infection
29
Q

what is the functional significance of specificity as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses

30
Q

what is the functional significance of clonal expansion as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

31
Q

describe the process of clonal selection

A
  • lymphocyte clones with diverse recepors arise in lymphoid organs
  • clones of mature lymphocytes specific for many antigens enter lymphoid tissues
    -antigen specific clones are activated by antigens
  • antigen specific immune responses occur
32
Q

what is the functional significance of memory as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

33
Q

what is the functional significance of specialization as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

34
Q

what is the functional significance of contraction and homeostasis as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

35
Q

what is the functional significance of nonreactivity to self as a function of the adaptive immune system

A

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

36
Q

what are the lymphocytes and what do they do

A
  • B lymphocytes: mediators of humoral immunity
  • T lymphocytes: mediators of cell mediated immunity
37
Q

what are the antigen presenting cells and what are their functions

A
  • dendritic cells: initiation of T cell responses
  • macrophages: effector phase of cell mediated immunity
  • follicular dendritic cells: display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune responses
38
Q

what are the effector cells and what are their functions

A
  • T lymphocytes: activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells
  • macrophages: phagocytosis and killing of microbes
  • granulocytes: killing microbes
39
Q

what do B lymphocytes do

A

-neutralization of microbe
-phagocytosis
-complement activation

40
Q

what do helper T lymphocytes do

A
  • activation of macrophages
  • inflammation
  • activation of T and B lymphocytes
41
Q

what do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do

A

kill infected cell

42
Q

what do regulatory T lymphocytes do

A

suppression of immune response

43
Q

where do B lymphocytes mature

A

bone marrow

44
Q

where do T lymphocytes mature

A

thymus

45
Q

where do B lymphocytes go once they mature

A

spleen and lymph nodes

46
Q

where do T lymphocytes go once they mature

A

mucosal and cutaneous lymphoid tissue

47
Q

what do B and T lymphocytes do after activation by antigen

A

migrate towards each other and meet at the edge of the follicle. the helper T cells will interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells

48
Q

what are the phases of the adaptive immune response

A

-clonal expansion
- differentiation
- elimination of antigens
- apoptosis

49
Q

what is active immunity

A
  • microbial anitgen by vaccine or infection enters host
  • has specificity and memory
50
Q

what is passive immunity

A

-administration of serum with antibodies to uninfected individual
- has specificity
- does not have. memory

Microbiology (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions