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Microbiology > Bacteria- Oral Bacteria B > Flashcards

Bacteria- Oral Bacteria B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are dentoalveolar infections

A

pyogenic infections associated with the teeth and surrounding supporting structures

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2
Q

endodontic infections are _________ that are _____

A

endogenous infections; opportunistic

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3
Q

what bacteria are cultivated most frequently in root canal infections

A

-bacteriodes and prevotella

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4
Q

what microbe is found when PCR is used

A

treponema denticola

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5
Q

what microbe is found in chronic apical infection and failed root canal treatments

A

enterococcus faecilis

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6
Q

what is the new species associated wth failed root canal treatments

A

actinomyces radicidentis

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7
Q

what is the presentation of dentoalveolar infections

A

-abscess localized to tooth that intiated the infection
- diffuse cellulitis which spreads along fascial planes

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8
Q

what are dentoalveolar abscesses caused by

A
  • spread from carious lesion
  • tooth fracture/wear
  • through periodontal membrane and accessory root canals
  • anachoresis during bacterima from extraction at different site
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9
Q

what are the facultative anaerobes isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses

A

-streptococcus
- actinomyces

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10
Q

what are the obligate anaerobes isolated from dentoalveolar abscesses

A
  • peptostreptococcus
  • porphyromas gingivalis
  • prevotella
  • fusobacterium nucleatum
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11
Q

what is ludwigs angina

A

a spreading, bilateral infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces
- cellulitis of the fascial spaces rather than true abscess formation

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12
Q

what is the mixed endogenous infection of ludwigs angina

A
  • porphyromonas
  • prevotella
  • fusobacterium
    -anaerobic streptococci
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13
Q

what is a result of ludwigs angina

A

airway obstruction- death by asphyyxiation

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14
Q

what is a periodontal abscess

A

localized collection of pus caused by acute or chronic destruction of periodontium
- endogenous, subgingival plaque bacteria

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15
Q

what microbes cause periodontal abscesses

A

-porphyromonas
- prevotella
- fusobacteria
- anaerobic streptococci

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16
Q

what organisms cause supprative osteomyelitis of the jaws

A

-porphyromonas
- prevotella
- fusobacteria
- anaerobic streptococci

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17
Q

what is cervicofacial actinomyces and what microbe causes it

A
  • endogenous, granulomatous disease
  • 65% in cervicofacial region
    -actinomyces
  • sulphur granules
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18
Q

what are oral manifestations of syphilis

A

hutchinsons incisors, mulberry molars
- primary and secondary syphilis lesions
- gummas

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19
Q

what are oral manifestations of tuberculosis

A

oral lesions in up to 5% of primary and secondary tuberculosis cases
- ulcers on palate and gingiva

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20
Q

what microbe causes bacterial infection of salivary glands

A

staphylococcus

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21
Q

what are diseases or situations associated with oral bacteria or their components

A
  • infective endocarditis
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • nephritis
  • RA
  • Behcet’s disease
  • atherosclerosis
  • low birth weight infants
22
Q

oral bacteria change their gene expression patterns once they enter ____

A

blood or other systemic compartments

23
Q

what have IVET promotor trapping been used for

A

to identify potential virulence associated genes for oral bacteria when they enter blood or tissue
- infective endocarditis

24
Q

what has signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) used for

A

to identify potential virulence associated genes for oral bacteria when they enter blood or other tissue
- used in streptococcus sanguis

25
Q

what happens in infective endocarditis

A

-platelets adhere to collagen exposed daamged heart valves
- forms a platelet clot

26
Q

what do heat shock proteins do

A

-antibodies elicited by bacterial HSPs can cross react with human HSPs
- if immune complexes are deposited in the arterial wall, joints or mucous membranes, HSP mimicry can contribute to systemic disease

27
Q

what happens in autorecognition induced by oral microorganisms

A
  • streptococcus sanguis express an epitope within PAAP which is similar to the arthritogenic epitope of type II collagen
28
Q

what is the possible mechanism for the link between local dental disease and systemic pathology

A
  • high levels of inflammatory mediators such as TNF alpha and IL-1beta may enter the cirulation and induce the liver to produce CRP, IL-1beta and TNF alpha
29
Q

what does the mucosal barrier in oral surfaces contain

A

toll like receptors

30
Q

what do TLRs recognize

A

PAMPs

31
Q

what does TLR2 recognize

A

petidoglycan

32
Q

what does TLR4 recognize

A

LPS, lipoteichioc acid

33
Q

what does TLR6 recognize

A

LPS

34
Q

what does TLR10 recognize

A

LPS

35
Q

what are defensins

A

-small peptides that form pores in bacterial membranes and disrupt cells
-HBD-1 is the main defensin produced by epithelial cells
- bacterial membranes are susceptible due to their high phospholipid content

36
Q

what is the adherent mucin layer

A
  • mucins attached to mucosal surface form a selectively permeable layer
  • mucins are glycoproteins and carbohydrates portion form a sticky slippery gel
37
Q

what are the mucins in the oral cavity

A

MG1 and MG2

38
Q

what do commensal oral microbiota do

A

endogenous bacteria keep out new bacteria and stimulate the immune system, but they can cause disease when the balance shifts

39
Q

what is desquamination

A

compare numbers of bacteria on the buccal mucosa to the numbers in the dental plaque biofilm

40
Q

what are epithelial antibody receptors

A

microbes captured by tethered antibody are removed when desquamination occurs

41
Q

how much saliva is secreted per day

A

0.5-1.5 liters per day

42
Q

what do MG1 and MG2 do

A

aggregate and clear oral microbes via lectin-like interactions

43
Q

what is agglutinin cloely related to

A

MG2

44
Q

what are histatins

A

small proteins with fungicidal and bactericidal activites. inhibit bacterial aggregation and hemagglutination
- also form pores

45
Q

what do cystatins do

A

inhibit cysteine proteases

46
Q

what does lysozyme do

A

degrades peptidoglycan by cutting bond between NAG and NAM

47
Q

what do peroxidases do

A

create peroxidation products using bacterially produced H2O2
-OSCN- inhibits growth of and acid production by MS and lactobacilli by oxidizing bacterial glycolytic enzymes

48
Q

what is humoral mucosal immunity in the mouth mediated by

A

S-IgA

49
Q

what are the mucosal lymphocytes and what do they do

A
  • lamina propria lymphocytes: resting memory cells awaiting exposure, cytokine production upon rexposure
  • intraepithelial lymphocytes: surveillance for pathogens and removal of stressed and infected epithelial cells
50
Q

what does GCF do

A

flushes gingival crevice removing microbes and products
- major source of leukocytes in oral cavity: 95% are nuetrophils

51
Q

what are components of acquired specific immunity

A
  • mucosal lymphocytes
    -GCF
  • dental plaque fluid

Microbiology (39 decks)

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