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Microbiology > Chapter 14-15 Neisseria and Bacteroides > Flashcards

Chapter 14-15 Neisseria and Bacteroides Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

describe neisseria spp

A

-gram negative diplococci
- lipooligosaccharide: lacks O antigen extensions

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2
Q

where is neisseria spp found

A

common oral flora and other mucous membranes

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3
Q

what pathogens are neisseria spp

A

n. gonorrhoeae and n meningitis

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4
Q

what is the only host for neisseria

A

humans

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5
Q

what are the virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae

A

-pili
-antigenic variation
-OPA
-IgA protease
-endotoxin/LOS

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6
Q

is there a vaccine for n gonorrhoaea

A

no

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7
Q

is there a capsule around N gonorrhoeae

A

no

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8
Q

why do gonococci at different infection sites express different pilin genes

A

because they adhere to different cell surface receptors on distinct mucosal epithelial cells

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9
Q

describe the antigenic variation of bacterial surface proteins in neisseria

A
  • PilE single chromosomal copy of pilin
  • strains contain 10-15 copies of PilE variants lacking promoter and 5’end of gene called PilS genes
    -PilS genes recombine with PilE creating unlimited antigenic variants of PilE
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10
Q

what is phase variaition of gonorrhea

A

on/off switch for surface protein expression
- slipped strand mispairing resulting from presence of multiple identical repeated sequences at 5’ end of gene. replication errors due to strans misalignment creates reading frame errors
- results in on/off switch

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11
Q

what do pili do

A

mediate bacterial attachment to non-ciliated epithelial bacteria proliferate and shed into secretions

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12
Q

what does IgA protease do

A

cleaves IgA

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13
Q

what do serum resistance virulent strains cause

A

disseminated gonococcal infections

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14
Q

how do serum resistant virulent strains cause disseminated gonococcal infections

A
  • strains lack Opa proteins so neutrophils cant engulf bacteria lacking Opa proteins
  • sialic acid on LOS binds complement regualtory proteins, prevents complement based phagocytosis
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15
Q

what are the virulence factors for N gonorrhoeae

A
  • pili
  • IgA protease
  • serum resistant virulent strains
  • shedding on endotoxin
  • secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines
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16
Q

what are the symptoms of gonorrheal disease

A

asymptomatic generally
- urethritis in men, urethral pus secretion
- cervicitis in women, urination sensitivity

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17
Q

what is opthalmis neonatorum and how is it treated

A
  • destructive eye infection acquired during birth from gonorrheal disease
  • application of erythromycin ointment into both eyes
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18
Q

what is pelvic inflammatory disease and cause

A

-cause: infection of ccervix, fallopian tubes, and vaginal wall glands
- gonococci enter abdominal cavity causes liver disease
- tissue scarring causes fallopian tube abnormalities which lead to ectopic pregnancies and sterility

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19
Q

what is uretheral and testicular tube scarring caused by and what does it lead to

A

caused by epididymitis
- leads to sterility and increased urethral infections by other microbes

20
Q

what does disseminated gonococcal infection cause

A

skin lesions, suppurative arthritis of a major joint, heart valve destruction

21
Q

is there any protective immuity after recovery from N gonorrhoeae

A

no

22
Q

what percentage of healthy people are carriers for neisseria meningitis

A

10%

23
Q

how is neisseria meningitis transferred

A

sputum

24
Q

what are the factors affecting the survivial of neisseria meningitidis

A

-capsule
- acquisition of iron from transferrin

25
Q

what does capsule prevent

A

complement mediated bacteriolysis and phagocytosis

26
Q

what does neisseria meningitidis cross

A

blood brain barrier

27
Q

what are the initial symptoms of neisseria meningitidis

A

mild cold, throbbin headache, fever, stiffness in neck and back, nausea and vomitting, deafness and coma

28
Q

how long does it take for shock and death to occur with neisseria meningitidis

A

within 24 hours

29
Q

what does obstruction of release of increased fluid pressure in neisseria meningitidis cause

A

impairs brain, causes paralysis of motor nerves and come, loss of blood supply to brain

30
Q

what causes shock in neisseria meningitidis

A

LOS/endotoxin release from blood circulating meningococci

31
Q

what causes small local skin hemorrhages and localized loss of vascualr integrity in neisseria meningitidis

A

inflammatory cytokines release induced by endotoxin activation of macrophages

32
Q

what are purpura fulminans

A

blood spots, bruising, and discoloration of skin from coagulation in small blood vessels

33
Q

what is disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

blood clots throughout the circulatory system resulting in blockages and excessive bleeding

34
Q

what leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

large capsule with sialic acid

35
Q

what are the virulence factors of neisseria meningitidis

A
  • large capsule
  • IgA protease
  • Pili
    -shedding of endotoxin
36
Q

what aare the vaccines for neisseria meningitidis against capsular polysaccharides

A

-MenACWY vaccine
- Men B vaccine

37
Q

what is the epidemiology for neisseria meningitidis

A

-asymptomatic carrier
-aerosol transmission
- children and young adults

38
Q

what is the epidemiology for N gonorrhoeae

A

-sexual transmission
-asymptomatic carrier

39
Q

what are the clinical features of gonorrhoeae

A

-gonorrhea
-pelvic inflammatory disease
-arthritis

40
Q

what are the clinical features of neisseria meningitidis

A

-meningitis
- meningococcoemia

41
Q

describe bacteroidales and where its found

A

-gram negative bacteria
-strict anaerobes
-commensals
- opportunistic pathogens
- found in colon and oral cavity

42
Q

what is the most oxygen resistant bacteroides

A

bacteroides fragilis

43
Q

what are the virulence factors of bacteroidales and each function

A
  • superoxide dismutase- detoxifies O2 radials
  • catalse - breaks down hydrogen peroxide
  • polysaccharide capsule
44
Q

what are the diseases of bacteroidales and describe each

A
  • peritonitis- rupture of infected appendix/ diverticulum
  • pulmonary abscess- aspiration of oropharyngeal bacteria
45
Q

bacteroides fragilis is one component in these 2 polymicrobial diseases:

A

-biphasic- starts with acute inflammation progress to formation of localized abscesses
-bacterial composition changes as disease progresses

46
Q

what is the course of disease in bacteroidea

A
  • perforation of intestine
  • neutrophils mobilized
    -surviving bacteria resistant to phagocytosis
    -oxygen sensitive bacteria are killed
  • facultative anaerobes growth first
  • some strict anaerobes survive
  • site becomes anaerobic
    -surviving strict anaerobes become predominant
47
Q

what do you treat bacteroidales with

A

surgery and antibiotic combinations targeting aerobes and anaerobes

Microbiology (39 decks)

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