Chapter 33

Question 1

Alimentary Canal

Answer 1

pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

Question 2

Accessory glands

Answer 2

secrete digestive juices through ducts; include salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Question 3

Small Intestine Organs

Answer 3

pancreas
liver

Question 4

Food from the small intestine travels to the

Answer 4

hepatic portal vein

Question 5

Lipids from the small intestine travel to the

Answer 5

lymphatic system

Question 6

Nutrients from the large intestine

Answer 6

hepatic portal vein

Question 7

Pepsin breaks down proteins into

Answer 7

small polypeptides

Question 8

Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin

Answer 8

break down amino acids adjacent to certain amino acids

Question 9

Pancreatic carboxypeptidase

Answer 9

break down small peptides amino acids

Question 10

Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidases

Answer 10

break down individual amino acids

Question 11

Pancreatic nucleases break down

Answer 11

DNA and RNA into nucleotides

Question 12

Nucleotidases break

Answer 12

nucleotides into nucleosides

Question 13

Nucleosidases and phosphates break down

Answer 13

nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphates

Question 14

pancreatic lipase breaks down

Answer 14

fats into glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides

Question 15

Mucous role in the stomach

Answer 15

provide a protective coat

Question 16

Chief role in the stomach

Answer 16

create the active enzyme pepsin

Question 17

Chief secretion

Answer 17

pepsinogen

Question 18

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and parietal cells secrete _ and _ separately into the lumen

Answer 18

H+
Cl-

Question 19

H+ and Cl- react to form ___ which activates the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme ______

Answer 19

HCl
Pepsin

Question 20

Pepsin activates more __________ to convert into pepsin, starting a chain reaction. This is an example of ________

Answer 20

pepsinogen
+ feedback

Question 21

True or False: HCl would damage parietal cells if it was secreted inside the parietal cells

Answer 21

true

Question 22

True or False: Pepsin is an inactive enzyme, while pepsinogen is active

Answer 22

false

Question 23

In the small intestine, the first 10 inches is the

Answer 23

duodenum

Question 24

Its ability to absorb and secrete is due to increased surface area because of projections in the lumen called _____ and ________ on epithelial cells

Answer 24

villi
microvilli

Question 25

______ breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides which diffuse into epithelial cells and reform into triglycerides

Answer 25

lipase

Question 26

before entering the lympathic system triglycerides are incorporated into water-soluble particles called

Answer 26

chylomicrons

Question 27

Cholecytoskinin is released in the

Answer 27

duodenum

Question 28

Cholectoskinin acts on the

Answer 28

pancreas; releases digestive enzymes

Question 29

Cholecytoskinin also acts on the

Answer 29

gallbladder; releases bile

Question 30

Secretin is released in the

Answer 30

duodenum

Question 31

Secretin acts on the

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

Secretin's response

Answer 32

it releases bicarbonate

Question 33

True or False: when chyme is rich in fat, CCK and secretin can also inhibit the release of gastric juice and slow digestion

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Monosaccharides __________, and polysaccharides __________.

Answer 34

are single monomer units; are made of many monosaccharides chained together

Question 35

How do glucagon and insulin differ?

Answer 35

Insulin is secreted from the pancreas, whereas glucagon is secreted from the liver.

Question 36

Which of the following hypothetical situations might result in a blood sugar level that is too high?

Answer 36

An individual has an autoimmune disorder that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas. An individual’s insulin receptors are defective.

Question 37

When digested, proteins are broken down into _____.

Answer 37

amino acids

Question 38

When digested, fats are broken down into _____.

Answer 38

both glycerol and fatty acids

Question 39

Starch is a type of _____.

Answer 39

polysaccharide

Question 40

Your small intestine can absorb ____ without its being further digested.

Answer 40

fructose

Question 41

Starch can be broken down into the disaccharide known as _____.

Answer 41

maltose

Question 42

What is the main component of gastric juice?

Answer 42

water

Question 43

A fat molecule is composed of two types of smaller molecules, including only one molecule of _______

Answer 43

glycerol

Question 44

A fat molecule also includes one, two, or three _____ molecules.

Answer 44

fatty

Question 45

A fat molecule with only one fatty acid is called a

Answer 45

monoglyceride

Question 46

A fat molecule with three fatty acids is called a triacylglycerol, or a

Answer 46

triglyceride

Question 47

fatty acid includes a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end as well as a long __________________

Answer 47

hydrocarbon tail

Question 48

The hydrocarbon chains found in fats store a lot of energy. They also make fats ________ , or insoluble in water.

Answer 48

hydrophobic

Question 49

Which structure is not part of the alimentary canal?

Answer 49

salivary glands

Question 50

Which process is not required for an animal to obtain energy from food?

Answer 50

excretion

Question 51

One advantage of having a tube-like digestive tract is that digestion of all compounds can take place simultaneously down the tract.

Answer 51

false

Question 52

The liver is a component of the alimentary canal.

Answer 52

false

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the lumen of the stomach?

Answer 53

Pepsin digests molecules of pepsinogen, producing more pepsin.

Question 54

How do hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl–) get into the lumen of the stomach?

Answer 54

H+ is actively transported from parietal cells into the lumen, while Cl– diffuses from parietal cells into the lumen.

Question 55

A researcher added a mixture of animal proteins to a physiological buffer solution (pH 7.4) in a test tube incubated at 37°C. The researcher then added purified pepsin to the mixture, but even after several hours, the proteins were not digested. Which of the following would explain this result?

Answer 55

the pH was too high

Question 56

What is one function of mucus in the lumen of the stomach?

Answer 56

It protects the epithelium from being digested by gastric juice.

Question 57

The epithelium that lines the stomach has many deep infoldings, or pits. In what way do these pits function as glands?

Answer 57

They secrete gastric juice into the main chamber of the stomach.