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Bio 189A > Chapter 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

regions of land, bodies of water, atmosphere, under the ocean floor

A

Examples of a Biosphere

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2
Q

consists of all life on earth and all of the places life exists

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all non-living components of the environment where life exists

A

Ecosystems

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4
Q

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

A

Communities

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5
Q

plants, animals, mushrooms, bacteria

A

Examples of communities

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6
Q

a group whose members can only reproduce with other members of the group

A

Species

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7
Q

consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

A

Populations

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8
Q

individual living things

A

Organisms

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9
Q

a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has a specified function in the body

A

Organs

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10
Q

leaves, stems, roots

A

Examples of Organs on a plant

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11
Q

a group of cells that work together, performing a specific function

A

Tissues

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12
Q

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

Cells

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13
Q

the various functional components present in cells

A

Organelles

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14
Q

chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

A

Molecules

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15
Q

All cells are enclosed by

A

a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between cell and surroundings

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16
Q

Examples of single celled micro-organisms

A

bacteria and archaea

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17
Q

Bacteria and Archaea

A

do NOT have a nucleus or any other membranes

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18
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

single celled organisms

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19
Q

plant and animal cells that contain a membrane that enclose the organelles and has DNA

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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20
Q

Nucleotides along a gene are TRANSCRIBED into mRNA

A

which is translated into a chain of protein building blocks called amino acids

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A particular sequence of nucleotides means the same thing in one organism as it does in another

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Differences between organisms reflect differences in their nucleotide sequence

A

rather than between their genetic codes

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23
Q

the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

A

Genome

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24
Q

the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now classified into multiple kingdoms

A

Domain Bacteria

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25
includes multiple kingdoms, some live in extreme environments
Domain Archaea
26
consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis and live on land
Kingdom Plantae
27
characterized in part by the nutritional aspect of members, which absorb nutrients from out of their bodies
Kingdom Fungi
28
consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms
Kingdom Animalia
29
are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relatively simple multicellular relatives
Protists
30
species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time
Descent with Modification
31
individuals in a population vary in their traits
First of Darwin's Essential Observations
32
a population can produce far more offspring than can survive and produce offspring of their own
Second of Darwin's Essential Observations
33
species generally are suited to their environments
Third of Darwin's Essential Observations
34
over generations, a higher and higher proportion of individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits
Natural Selection
35
a way of knowing; an approach to understanding the natural world
Science
36
the search for the information and explanations of natural phenomena
Inquiry
37
recorded observations
Data
38
derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations
Inductive Reasoning
39
an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction
Hypothesis
40
a scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions
Experiement
41
logic that flows in the opposite direction from the general to specific, " if... then" logic
Deductive Reasoning
42
one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
Controlled Experiements
43
the factor manipulated by researchers
Independent Variable
44
the factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable
Dependent Variable
45
order evolutionary adaptation response to the environment regulation energy processing growth and development reproduction
Main Characteristics of Life
46
True or false: All organisms require oxygen to live
False
47
Taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
48
True or False: Family is more inclusive category compared to species
True
49
Do prokaryotes contain DNA?
Yes
50
Do eukaryotes contain DNA?
Yes
51
Are prokaryotes membrane enclosed organelles?
No
52
Are eukaryotes membrane enclosed organelles?
Yes
53
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No
54
Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?
Yes
55
What is the prokaryote domains?
Bacteria and Archaea
56
What is the eukaryote domain called?
Domain Eukarya
57
True or False: Energy flows through a system
True
58
True or False: Chemicals cycle through a system
True
59
notice natural phenomenon/pattern
Observation
60
ask what, why, how
Question
61
tenative answer to well framed question, must be testable and falsiable
Hypothesis
62
specific, "if", "then" statement
Prediction
63
What is the appropriate term for a group of all the individuals that can mate with each other living within a specific area?
Population
64
Scientific Theory
a well supported concept that has a broad explanatory power
65
tests experimental and control groups in parallel
Controlled Experiment
66
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
the fish swam in a zigzag motion
67
there may always be alternative untested hypothesis that might also account for the results
Why can a hypothesis never be proven true
68
Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science
69
How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?
The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein
70
What is the primary source of energy that makes life on Earth possible?
The sun
71
Which of the following sequences correctly lists life's hierarchy of levels of organization from lowest to highest?
Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism
72
Which of the following is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms
Cell
73
Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb dissolved nutrients from their surroundings
Fungi
74
All of the organisms on your campus make up
a community
75
At which point is a scientific investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?
In establishing a test of a hypothesis
76
The process that accounts for the unity and diversity of life is
Evolution

Bio 189A (16 decks)

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