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Bio 189A > Chapter 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

regions of land, bodies of water, atmosphere, under the ocean floor

A

Examples of a Biosphere

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2
Q

consists of all life on earth and all of the places life exists

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

consists of all living things in a particular area, along with all non-living components of the environment where life exists

A

Ecosystems

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4
Q

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

A

Communities

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5
Q

plants, animals, mushrooms, bacteria

A

Examples of communities

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6
Q

a group whose members can only reproduce with other members of the group

A

Species

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7
Q

consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

A

Populations

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8
Q

individual living things

A

Organisms

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9
Q

a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has a specified function in the body

A

Organs

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10
Q

leaves, stems, roots

A

Examples of Organs on a plant

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11
Q

a group of cells that work together, performing a specific function

A

Tissues

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12
Q

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

A

Cells

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13
Q

the various functional components present in cells

A

Organelles

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14
Q

chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

A

Molecules

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15
Q

All cells are enclosed by

A

a membrane that regulates the passage of materials between cell and surroundings

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16
Q

Examples of single celled micro-organisms

A

bacteria and archaea

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17
Q

Bacteria and Archaea

A

do NOT have a nucleus or any other membranes

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18
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

single celled organisms

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19
Q

plant and animal cells that contain a membrane that enclose the organelles and has DNA

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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20
Q

Nucleotides along a gene are TRANSCRIBED into mRNA

A

which is translated into a chain of protein building blocks called amino acids

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A particular sequence of nucleotides means the same thing in one organism as it does in another

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Differences between organisms reflect differences in their nucleotide sequence

A

rather than between their genetic codes

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23
Q

the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

A

Genome

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24
Q

the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are now classified into multiple kingdoms

A

Domain Bacteria

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25
Q

includes multiple kingdoms, some live in extreme environments

A

Domain Archaea

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26
Q

consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis and live on land

A

Kingdom Plantae

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27
Q

characterized in part by the nutritional aspect of members, which absorb nutrients from out of their bodies

A

Kingdom Fungi

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28
Q

consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms

A

Kingdom Animalia

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29
Q

are mostly unicellular eukaryotes and some relatively simple multicellular relatives

A

Protists

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30
Q

species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time

A

Descent with Modification

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31
Q

individuals in a population vary in their traits

A

First of Darwin’s Essential Observations

32
Q

a population can produce far more offspring than can survive and produce offspring of their own

A

Second of Darwin’s Essential Observations

33
Q

species generally are suited to their environments

A

Third of Darwin’s Essential Observations

34
Q

over generations, a higher and higher proportion of individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits

A

Natural Selection

35
Q

a way of knowing; an approach to understanding the natural world

A

Science

36
Q

the search for the information and explanations of natural phenomena

A

Inquiry

37
Q

recorded observations

A

Data

38
Q

derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations

A

Inductive Reasoning

39
Q

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction

A

Hypothesis

40
Q

a scientific test, often carried out under controlled conditions

A

Experiement

41
Q

logic that flows in the opposite direction from the general to specific, “ if… then” logic

A

Deductive Reasoning

42
Q

one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

A

Controlled Experiements

43
Q

the factor manipulated by researchers

A

Independent Variable

44
Q

the factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable

A

Dependent Variable

45
Q

order
evolutionary adaptation
response to the environment
regulation
energy processing
growth and development
reproduction

A

Main Characteristics of Life

46
Q

True or false: All organisms require oxygen to live

A

False

47
Q

Taxonomy

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

48
Q

True or False: Family is more inclusive category compared to species

A

True

49
Q

Do prokaryotes contain DNA?

A

Yes

50
Q

Do eukaryotes contain DNA?

A

Yes

51
Q

Are prokaryotes membrane enclosed organelles?

A

No

52
Q

Are eukaryotes membrane enclosed organelles?

A

Yes

53
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

No

54
Q

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the prokaryote domains?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

56
Q

What is the eukaryote domain called?

A

Domain Eukarya

57
Q

True or False: Energy flows through a system

A

True

58
Q

True or False: Chemicals cycle through a system

A

True

59
Q

notice natural phenomenon/pattern

A

Observation

60
Q

ask what, why, how

A

Question

61
Q

tenative answer to well framed question, must be testable and falsiable

A

Hypothesis

62
Q

specific, “if”, “then” statement

A

Prediction

63
Q

What is the appropriate term for a group of all the individuals that can mate with each other living within a specific area?

A

Population

64
Q

Scientific Theory

A

a well supported concept that has a broad explanatory power

65
Q

tests experimental and control groups in parallel

A

Controlled Experiment

66
Q

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

A

the fish swam in a zigzag motion

67
Q

there may always be alternative untested hypothesis that might also account for the results

A

Why can a hypothesis never be proven true

68
Q

Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power

A

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science

69
Q

How is the information encoded in DNA actually used by organisms?

A

The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein

70
Q

What is the primary source of energy that makes life on Earth possible?

A

The sun

71
Q

Which of the following sequences correctly lists life’s hierarchy of levels of organization from lowest to highest?

A

Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organism

72
Q

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms

A

Cell

73
Q

Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb dissolved nutrients from their surroundings

A

Fungi

74
Q

All of the organisms on your campus make up

A

a community

75
Q

At which point is a scientific investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning?

A

In establishing a test of a hypothesis

76
Q

The process that accounts for the unity and diversity of life is

A

Evolution

Bio 189A (16 decks)

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