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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 32: Cerebellar Lobes > Flashcards

Chapter 32: Cerebellar Lobes Flashcards

1
Q

Axons in the upper part of the posterior spinocerebellar and lower part of the cuneocerebellar tract carrying muscle stretch information from back muscles synapse on _____ in the cortex of the central strip of the cerebellum.

A
  • Granule cells
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2
Q

The central 1/6 of the cerebellum, called the vermis, receives information about _____ in the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Muscle stretch (tone)
  • Muscles
  • Back
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3
Q

Granule cells in the vermis receive muscle stretch information from the _____ in mossy fibers of the _____ and _____ tracts.

A
  • Back
  • Posterior spinocerebellar
  • Cuneocerebellar
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4
Q

The granule cells in the cortex of the _____ project muscle stretch information from the back to the _____ of _____ through _____ fibers.

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Dendrites
  • Purkinje cells
  • Horizontal (parallel)
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5
Q

Purkinje cells in the vermis receive _____ fibers from the medial accessory olivary nucleus.

A
  • Climbing
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6
Q

The projections of the _____ to Purkinje cells in the vermis try to correct inadvertent errors of posture.

A
  • Medial accessory olivary nucleus
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7
Q

Purkinje cells in the _____ of the cerebellum project their reactions to muscle stretch in the back to the fastigial nuclei.

A
  • Vermis
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8
Q

Thus the fastigial nuclei receive Purkinje cell reactions to muscle stretch in the back from Purkinje cells in the _____ and Purkinje cell reactions to balance problems from Purkinje cells in the _____.

A
  • Vermis

- Flocculonodular lobe

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9
Q

The fastigial nuclei are concerned with both muscle tone in the _____ and _____.

A
  • Back

- Balance

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10
Q

The fastigial nuclei in the _____ of the _____ are flanked by the globose nuclei.

A
  • Roof

- 4th ventricle

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11
Q

The _____ nuclei that flank the fastigial nuclei are themselves flanked by the emboliform nuclei.

A
  • Globose
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12
Q

The emboliform nuclei are lateral and slightly rostral to the _____ nuclei.

A
  • Globose
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13
Q

The huge dentate nucleus is lateral to the other 3 deep cerebellar nuclei (or roof nuclei), which are, from medial to lateral: _____, _____, and _____.

A
  • Fastigial
  • Globose
  • Emboliform
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14
Q

One mnemonic for the medial to lateral _____, _____, _____, _____ sequence is “Fat Guys Eat Doughnuts.”

A
  • Fastigial
  • Globose
  • Emboliform
  • Dentate
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15
Q

Because they lie between the fastigial and dentate nuclei, the _____ and _____ nuclei are often called the interposed nuclei.

A
  • Globose

- Emboliform

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16
Q

Muscle stretch information from the extremities is carried to the interposed nuclei and the cerebellar cortex by the _____ and _____ tracts.

A
  • Ipsilateral
  • Posterior spinocerebellar
  • Cuneocerebellar
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17
Q

Axons in the posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts split to synapse in an _____ nucleus and on granule cells in the _____.

A
  • Interposed

- Cerebellar cortex

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18
Q

Axons in the posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts reach the cerebellar cortex as _____ fibers that end on _____ cells in the paravermal zone lateral to the vermis.

A
  • Mossy

- Granule

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19
Q

The paravermal zone (or intermediate zone) is a pair of strips of cerebellar cortex lateral to the _____. Each strip is half as wide as the vermis.

A
  • Vermis
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20
Q

The vermis is roughly twice as wide as the right (or left) _____.

A
  • Paravermal zone
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21
Q

The granule cells in the paravermal zone project to the _____ of _____ in the outer layer of the cortex of the _____.

A
  • Dendrites
  • Purkinje cells
  • Paravermal zone
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22
Q

The Purkinje cells of the paravermal zone project to the interposed nuclei which lie lateral to the
_____.

A
  • Fastigial nucleus
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23
Q

The paravermal zone is defined as the area of the cerebellar cortex that projects to the _____ and _____ nuclei.

A
  • Globose

- Emboliform

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24
Q

The interposed nuclei receive input from both _____ cells and cells in the _____ nucleus or the _____.

A
  • Purkinje
  • Dorsal thoracic
  • Accessory cuneate nucleus
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25
Q

The _____ can compare the intentions of Purkinje cells with the muscle tension reported by the spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts.

A
  • Interposed nuclei
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26
Q

The interposed nuclei project the decisions of the _____ of the _____ zone to the contralateral red nucleus and to the contralateral ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus.

A
  • Purkinje cells

- Parevermal zone

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27
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus receives the projections of the _____-lateral _____ through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A
  • Contralateral

- Interposed nuclei

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28
Q

The red nucleus receives the projections of the _____-lateral _____ through the superior cerebellar peduncle.

A
  • Contralateral

- Interposed nuclei

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29
Q

The superior cerebellar peduncles cross in the _____.

A
  • Lower midbrain
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30
Q

The red nucleus projects to the dorsal accessory olivary nucleus through the _____.

A
  • Central tegmental tract
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31
Q

The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus also receives information from the spinal cord through the _____ tract.

A
  • Spin-olivary
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32
Q

The dorsal accessory olivary nucleus sends _____ fibers to the paravermal zone of the _____-lateral cerebellar cortex.

A
  • Climbing

- Contralateral

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33
Q

The feedback loop of Purkinje cell to _____ to _____ to _____ to Purkinje cell allows the dorsal accessory olivary nucleus to detect and correct inappropriate muscle tone.

A
  • Interposed nuclei
  • Red nucleus
  • Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
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34
Q

Inappropriate muscle tone is detected by neurons in the _____ and corrected by the synapses of climbing fibers on _____ in the _____ cerebellar cortex.

A
  • Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
  • Purkinje cells
  • Contralateral
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35
Q

Purkinje cells in the cortex of the paravermal zone send instructions for muscle tone to the _____ nuclei which project to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and red nucleus.

A
  • Interposed
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36
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the _____ sends instructions to the premotor cortex (Brodmann area 6).

A
  • Thalamus
37
Q

The paravermal zone of the cerebellar cortex projects to the premotor cortex by way of the _____ and the _____-lateral _____ of the thalamus.

A
  • Interposed nuclei
  • Contralateral
  • Ventrolateral nucleus
38
Q

The vermis and paravermal zone are often discussed together as the spinocerebellum because they receive most of their input from the _____ and cuneocerebellar tracts.

A
  • Posterior spinocerebellar
39
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts relay information from neurons in _____ ganglia.

A
  • Sensory (spinal)
40
Q

The 1/3 of each side of the cerebellum lateral to the paravermal zone is the pontocerebellum whose inputs are primarily from the _____ nuclei and whose projections are to the dentate nucleus.

A
  • Pontine
41
Q

The paravermal zone is defined by its projections to the _____ and _____ nuclei.

A
  • Globose

- Emobliform

42
Q

The pontocerebellum is defined by its projections to the _____ nucleus.

A
  • Dentate
43
Q

The central 1/3 of the cerebellum is the _____, and the lateral 2/3 is the _____.

A
  • Spinocerebellum

- Pontoceebellum

44
Q

Most input to the spinocerebellum is relayed from neurons in the _____ by neurons in the spinal cord and lateral cuneate nucleus.

A
  • Sensory (spinal) ganglia
45
Q

Most input to the pontocerebellum is relayed from neurons in the cerebral cortex by neurons in the _____.

A
  • Pontine nuclei
46
Q

The pontocerebellum is _____ to the spinocerebellum.

A
  • Lateral
47
Q

Purkinje cells in the pontocerebellum project to the _____.

A
  • Dentate nucleus
48
Q

The dentate nucleus monitors the correspondence of intention with execution by comparing input from the _____ with input from axon collaterals from the spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts.

A
  • Pontine nuclei
49
Q

Like the other deep cerebellar nuclei, the dentate nucleus projects to the contralateral
_____ and the _____ of the thalamus.

A
  • Red nucleus

- Ventrolateral

50
Q

The ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus projects to the _____.

A
  • Premotor cortex
51
Q

The red nucleus projects to the inferior olivary nucleus which sends _____ fibers to the Purkinje cells of the pontocerebellum.

A
  • Climbing
52
Q

Olivocerebellar projections to the pontocerebellum come from the _____-lateral _____.

A
  • Contralateral

- Inferior olivary nucleus

53
Q

Like the other olivary nuclei of the medulla, the inferior olivary nucleus is informed of the progress of an action by the _____ tract.

A
  • Spino-olivary
54
Q

Whereas olivocerebellar projections to the spinocerebellum correct poor _____, olivocerebellar projections to the pontocerebellum correct poor coordination.

A
  • Muscle tone
55
Q

Keeping force proportional to the task is the job of the _____, and coordinating actions is the job of the _____.

A
  • Spinocerebellum

- Pontocerebellum

56
Q

The cerebellum has 3 lobes: anterior, posterior, and _____.

A
  • Flocculonodular
57
Q

Although the _____ and _____ tracts project to the paravermal zones of both anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum, responsibility for muscle tone resides in the small anterior lobe.

A
  • Spinocerebellar

- Cuneocerebellar

58
Q

Due to its small size, the _____ lobe has only spinocerebellum.

A
  • Anterior
59
Q

The large _____ lobe has both spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum.

A
  • Posterior
60
Q

The primary fissure divides the cerebellum into a small rostral _____ lobe and a large caudal _____ lobe.

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior

61
Q

Although the _____ lobe is anterior to the primary fissure, it is superior to the _____ lobe in humans.

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior

62
Q

The anterior and posterior lobes are defined by their positions with respect to the _____ fissure.

A
  • Primary
63
Q

The spinocerebellum of the _____ lobe regulates the force of actions, and the spinocerebellum of the _____ lobe regulates the timing of actions.

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior

64
Q

The pontocerebellum of the posterior lobe _____ actions at multiple joints.

A
  • Coordinates
65
Q

Although muscle tone in the arms and legs is regulated by the _____ of the _____, muscle tone in the head is regulated by the vermis of the _____.

A
  • Anterior lobe
  • Cerebellum
  • Posterior lobe
66
Q

Muscle tone is regulated by the _____ of the cerebellum, but coordination is regulated by the posterior lobe.

A
  • Anterior lobe
67
Q

There are a pair of bimanual hand coordination areas on the superior surface of the _____ of the cerebellum lateral to the areas regulating muscle tone in the hands.

A
  • Posterior lobe
68
Q

The bimanual hand coordination areas that help the hands work together are on anterolateral edges of the _____ surface of the _____ lobe of the cerebellum.

A
  • Superior

- Posterior

69
Q

A second hand coordination area is located on the inferior surface of the _____ as part of a _____ for the entire body.

A
  • Posterior lobe

- Somatotopic map

70
Q

As this diagram shows, hand coordination areas are _____ to trunk coordination areas and _____ to foot coordination areas in the somatotopic map of the inferior surface of the posterior lobe.

A
  • Lateral

- Posterior

71
Q

Areas regulating muscle tone in the hands are _____ to areas regulating muscle tone in the trunk and _____ to areas regulation muscle tone in the feet.

A
  • Lateral

- Posterior

72
Q

The somatotopy of the regulation of muscle tone can be shown by _____ homunculus on the _____ lobe, but showing the somatotopy of coordination requires _____ and a few extra pictures.

A
  • One
  • Anterior
  • Two homonculi
73
Q

On both the superior surface of the anterior lobe and the inferior surface of the posterior lobe, the head is _____ to the rest of the homunculus.

A
  • Posterior (dorsal)
74
Q

The deep nuclei and the anterior lobe of the cerebellum receive their blood supply from the _____.

A
  • Superior cerebellar artery
75
Q

The flocculus and most of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum usually receive their
blood supply from the _____.

A
  • Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
76
Q

The nodulus and the inferior cerebellar peduncle receive their blood supply from the _____.

A
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
77
Q

The “tonsil” of the cerebellum, the wedge-shaped anteromedial sixth of the inferior surface of the cerebellum, gets its blood supply from the _____.

A
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
78
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is wedge occupying the medial half of the usual territory of the _____ artery

A
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
79
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is a _____ of pontocerebellum pointing toward the foramen magnum.

A
  • Wedge
80
Q

The tonsil of the cerebellum is a _____ on the dorsolateral side of the upper medulla.

A
  • Wedge
81
Q

The vermis of the cerebellum monitors _____ in the muscles of the _____.

A
  • Muscle tone

- Back

82
Q

Most Purkinje cells in the vermis project to the _____ nuclei, but those in the nodulus also project to the _____ nuclei and the _____.

A
  • Fastigial
  • Vestibular
  • Reticular formation
83
Q

The paravermal zone of the cerebellum monitors _____ in the muscles of the _____.

A
  • Muscle tone

- Extremities

84
Q

Purkinje cells in the paravermal zone project to the _____ and _____ nuclei which project to the _____ and the _____.

A
  • Globose
  • Emboliform
  • Red nucleus
  • Thalamus
85
Q

The anterior lobe is entirely within the _____ and _____ of the cerebellum.

A
  • Vermal

- Paravermal

86
Q

The hemispheres of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum manage _____ of the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Coordination
  • Muscles
  • Extremities
87
Q

Purkinje cells in the hemispheres of the posterior lobe project to the _____ nucleus which projects to the _____ nucleus and the _____.

A
  • Dentate
  • Red
  • Thalamus
88
Q

The anterior lobe of the cerebellum is _____ or _____ to the posterior lobe in
humans.

A
  • Superior

- Rostral

89
Q

The superior cerebellar artery feeds the _____, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery feeds the _____ and _____, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery feeds the _____ and _____.

A
  • Anterior lobe
  • Posterior lobe
  • Flocculus
  • Nodulus
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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