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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 26: Trigeminal Nerve > Flashcards

Chapter 26: Trigeminal Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

The Vth cranial nerve is called the trigeminal nerve because it has _____ major divisions.

A
  • 3
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2
Q

The superior division is called the ophthalmic nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the _____ socket and the skin above it.

A
  • Eye
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3
Q

The middle division of the trigeminal nerve is called the maxillary nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the area of the face overlying the _____ bone.

A
  • Maxillary
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4
Q

The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are divisions of the _____ or _____ cranial nerve.

A
  • Trigeminal

- Vth

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5
Q

The _____ nerve is the sensory nerve of the upper third of the face and the _____ nerve is the sensory nerve of the middle third of the face.

A
  • Ophthalmic

- Maxillary

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6
Q

The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are purely sensory and have no _____ component.

A
  • Motor
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7
Q

The lowest division of the trigeminal nerve is called the mandibular nerve because it is the sensory nerve of the region around the _____.

A
  • Mandible
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8
Q

The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are the _____, _____, and _____ nerves.

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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9
Q

Unlike the _____ and _____ nerves, the mandibular nerve has a significant motor component.

A
  • Ophthalmic

- Maxillary

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10
Q

The motor fibers in the _____ nerve innervate the muscles that move the mandible.

A
  • Mandibular
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11
Q

The temporalis and masseter, which close the mouth, the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric, which open the mouth, and the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, which move the jaw from side to side, are all innervated by the _____ nerve.

A
  • Mandibular
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12
Q

Although it assists with chewing, the buccinator muscle is not innervated by the mandibular nerve because it does not move the _____.

A
  • Mandible
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13
Q

The tensor tympani muscle is the only muscle innervated by the mandibular nerve that does not move the _____.

A
  • Mandible
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14
Q

A tiny branch of the mandibular nerve enters the middle ear through the wall of the Eustachian tube and innervates the _____ muscle.

A
  • Tensor tympani
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15
Q

Contraction of the tensor tympani makes it harder for the malleus to move and _____ sound.

A
  • Deadens (muffles/attenuates)
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16
Q

Reflex contraction of the tensor tympani during chewing _____ the _____ of chewing.

A
  • Muffles

- Sound

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17
Q

The motor fibers in the mandibular nerve are _____ of _____ neurons in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • Axons

- Lower motor

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18
Q

Although the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve extend throughout the brainstem, the _____ nucleus is confined to the mid-pontine level.

A
  • Motor
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19
Q

The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is just medial to the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve at the _____ level.

A
  • Mid-pontine
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20
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal is the most lateral nucleus in the brainstem at the _____ level.

A
  • Mid-pontine
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21
Q

Motor axons from the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve pass through the foramen ovale along with the sensory fibers of the _____ to innervate the tensor tympani and the muscles that move the mandible.

A
  • Mandibular nerve
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22
Q

The motor division of the trigeminal nerve also contains muscle and tendon stretch fibers that are peripheral branches of axons of primary _____ neurons in the upper pons and midbrain.

A
  • Sensory
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23
Q

The muscle and tendon stretch neurons for the jaw muscles are in the _____ and _____.

A
  • Upper pons

- Midbrain

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24
Q

The primary sensory neurons for muscle and tendon stretch in the jaw muscles are collectively called the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve because most of them are in the _____.

A
  • Midbrain (mesencephalon)
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25
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve extends throughout the _____ and midbrain.

A
  • Upper pons
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26
Q

The _____ of the trigeminal nerve contains the primary sensory neurons for in jaw muscles and their tendons and the periodontal ligament.

A
  • Mesencephalic
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27
Q

The peripheral branches of the axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve innervate muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs in the _____ and corpuscles of Ruffini in the _____.

A
  • Jaw muscles

- Periodontal ligament

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28
Q

The _____ of the _____ is the only place where primary sensory neurons are found in the central nervous system.

A
  • Mesencephalic nucleus

- Trigeminal nerve

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29
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal contains only _____ sensory neurons for muscle, tendon, and ligament stretch in the chewing apparatus.

A
  • Primary
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30
Q

The peripheral branches of the axons of the _____ neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve descend in the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Primary sensory
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31
Q

The myelinated peripheral branches of axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve form the _____ of the _____ lateral to the mesencephalic nucleus.

A
  • Mesencephalic tract

- Trigeminal nerve

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32
Q

Most central branches of the axons of the _____ and _____ neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve end in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Muscle

- Tendon stretch

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33
Q

The neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve are responsible for the muscle and tendon stretch reflexes in the _____.

A
  • Jaw muscles
34
Q

Central branches of neurons in the _____ of the _____ that detect stretch in the periodontal ligament synapse on internuncial neurons that inhibit lower motor neurons for jaw muscles.

A
  • Mesencephalic nucleus

- Trigeminal

35
Q

A few central branches of axons of neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ascend in the opposite side of the _____ and end in the thalamus

A
  • Mesencephalic tract
36
Q

Muscle and tendon stretch sensation from the right side of the head synapses in the _____ side of the _____.

A
  • Left (contralateral)

- Thalamus

37
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects downward to the ipsilateral _____ of the _____ and the ipsilateral _____.

A
  • Motor nucleus
  • ## Trigeminal nerve
38
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects upward to the _____ side of the _____.

A
  • Contralateral

- Thalamus

39
Q

Except for the muscle, tendon, and ligament stretch neurons in the _____, all primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve are in the trigeminal ganglion.

A
  • Mesencephalic nucleus
40
Q

Peripheral processes of the axons of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion are distributed to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face in the _____, _____, and _____ nerves.

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
41
Q

The protopathic and epicritic nerves of the face are peripheral branches of axons of neurons in the ______.

A
  • Trigeminal ganglion
42
Q

The corpuscles of Ruffini that replace muscle spindles as _____ detectors in the muscles of facial expression are innervated by neurons in the trigeminal ganglion.

43
Q

The muscles of facial expression get their motor innervation via the _____ and their sensory innervation via the _____.

A
  • Facial nerve

- Trigeminal nerve

44
Q

Central processes of the axons of neurons in the _____ enter the lateral side of the middle of the pons as the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Trigeminal ganglion
45
Q

Central processes of axons of neurons for the epicritic senses of _____, _____, and _____ in the face synapse in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Discriminative touch
  • Pressure
  • Vibration
46
Q

Central processes of axons of epicritic neurons for the face synapse on internuncial neurons in the _____ of the _____ just lateral to the motor nucleus.

A
  • Principal sensory nucleus

- Trigeminal nerve

47
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is at the mid-pontine level, _____ to the motor nucleus.

48
Q

_____ senses synapse in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, _____ senses do not.

A
  • Epicritic

- Protopathic

49
Q

The motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is _____ to the principal sensory nucleus and ventral (or anterior) to the mesencephalic nucleus at the mid pontine level.

50
Q

Internuncial neurons in the _____ of the trigeminal nerve relay
epicritic information from the _____ to both sides of the thalamus.

A
  • Principal sensory nucleus

- Face (head)

51
Q

Epicritic information from the face is unusual in that is received by _____ of the thalamus.

A
  • Both sides
52
Q

The _____ of the trigeminal nerve projects to the ipsilateral side of the _____ through the dorsal trigeminothalamic tracts.

A
  • Principal sensory nucleus

- Thalamus

53
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve projects to the _____ side of the thalamus through the ventral trigeminothalamic tract.

A
  • Contralateral
54
Q

Each side of the thalamus receives epicritic sensations from the _____ side of the face through the dorsal trigeminothalamic tract and epicritic sensations from the _____ side of the face from the ventral trigeminothalamic tract.

A
  • Ipsilateral

- Contralateral

55
Q

The _____ trigeminothalamic tract crosses in the pons, but the _____ trigeminothalamic tract does not cross.

A
  • Ventral

- Dorsal

56
Q

The _____ is made up of crossed fibers that travel toward the thalamus along the dorsal side of the medial lemniscus.

A
  • Ventral trigeminothalamic tract
57
Q

The ventral trigeminothalamic tract is often called the trigeminal lemniscus because of its proximity to the _____ and the similarity of their functions.

A
  • Medial lemniscus
58
Q

The dorsal trigeminothalamic tract is made up of _____ fibers that travel toward the thalamus along the dorsal side of the central tegmental tract.

59
Q

The _____ carries epicritic sensations from the contralateral side of the face, and the _____ carries epicritic sensations from the ipsilateral side of the face

A
  • Ventral trigeminothalamic tract

- Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract

60
Q

Primary sensory neurons for the protopathic senses of _____, _____, and _____ in the face are in the _____.

A
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Vague touch
  • Trigeminal ganglion
61
Q

Central processes of the axons of protopathic neurons in the trigeminal ganglion enter the pons in the _____ and descend through the lower pons and medulla as the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Trigeminal nerve
62
Q

Central processes of the axons of protopathic neurons in the trigeminal ganglion form the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Spinal tract

- Trigeminal nerve

63
Q

Fibers in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve descend in the _____ and synapse in the “spinal nucleus” of the trigeminal nerve medial to the spinal tract.

A
  • Lower pons/medulla
64
Q

Pain and light touch in the cornea makes its first synapse in the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Spinal nucleus

- Trigeminal nerve

65
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is _____ to the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

66
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve carries only _____ sensations.

A
  • Protopathic
67
Q

The afferent limb of the corneal reflex is in the _____; the efferent (effector) limb is in the _____.

A
  • Trigeminal nerve (and spinal tract)

- Facial nerve

68
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve gets its name from the fact that it extends from the mid-pontine level to the uppermost _____ level.

69
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve also extends from the _____ level to the C1 level.

A
  • Mid-pontine
70
Q

The spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve is _____ to the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

71
Q

The first cervical nerve often has no sensory root because the posterior horn region of the spinal cord at the C1 level is occupied by the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Spinal nucleus

- Trigeminal nerve

72
Q

Protopathic sensations in the face make their first synapse in the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Spinal nucleus

- Trigeminal nerve

73
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve relays _____ sensations from the face to the contralateral side of the thalamus.

A
  • Protopathic
74
Q

The thalamus receives _____ information from both sides of the face but receives _____ information only from the opposite side.

A
  • Epicritic

- Protopathic

75
Q

The _____ nucleus and the _____ nucleus of V are at the mid-pontine level; the _____ nucleus is caudal to them, and the _____ nucleus is rostral to them.

A
  • Motor
  • Principal sensory
  • Spinal
  • Mesencephalic
76
Q

The motor nucleus of V contains _____ neurons for the _____ muscles.

A
  • Lower motor

- Jaw (chewing)

77
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V contains _____ order neurons for _____ senses.

A
  • Second

- Epicritic

78
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V projects to the ipsilateral side of the thalamus via the _____.

A
  • Dorsal (posterior) trigeminothalamic tract
79
Q

The principal sensory nucleus of V projects to the contralateral side of the thalamus via the
_____.

A
  • Ventral (anterior) trigeminothalamic tract
80
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal contains _____ order neurons for _____ senses.

A
  • Second

- Protopathic

81
Q

The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal projects to the _____ side of the thalamus via the _____.

A
  • Contralateral

- Ventral trigeminothalamic tract

82
Q

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal contains _____ order neurons for _____.

A
  • First

- Stretch

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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