Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Chapter 20: Hypoglossal & Spinal Accessory Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Hypoglossal & Spinal Accessory Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

With one exception, spinal nerves have both _____ and _____ roots.

A
  • Dorsal (posterior)

- Ventral (anterior) roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The _____ root is purely motor, and the _____ root is purely sensory.

A
  • Ventral (anterior)

- Dorsal root is purely sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The first cervical nerve is unique: it is the only _____ that does not have a sensory root.

A
  • Spinal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _____ has only a motor root.

A
  • First cervical nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Since there is no sensory root, the first cervical nerve does not have a _____.

A
  • Dorsal root ganglion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Like the first cervical nerve, the XIth and XIIth cranial nerves are purely _____.

A
  • Motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The XIIth _____ arises near the lowest part of the medulla.

A
  • Cranial nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The XIIth cranial nerve leaves the _____ inside the foramen magnum and exits the skull through the hypoglossal foramen.

A
  • Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The _____ is named for the hypoglossal nerve which passes through it.

A
  • Hypoglossal foramen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The XIIth cranial nerve is called the _____ nerve because it innervates the tongue from below. (Greek: hypo = below, glossa = tongue).

A
  • Hypoglossal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The _____ nuclei contain the lower motor neurons whose axons form the _____ nerve.

A
  • Hypoglossal

- Hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The hypoglossal nerve innervates the muscles of the _____.

A
  • Tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The right and left hypoglossal nuclei are just anterior to the central canal of the lower _____.

A
  • Medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each hypoglossal nucleus in served by a right or left paramedian branch of the _____.

A
  • Anterior spinal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Occlusion of a paramedian branch of anterior spinal artery will cause _____ of the _____.

A
  • Infarction

- Ipsilateral hypoglossal nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Occlusion of the _____ will cause infarction of both hypoglossal nuclei.

A
  • Anterior spinal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Since the hypoglossal nerve is the motor nerve of the _____, infarction of the hypoglossal nuclei will cause paralysis of the _____.

A
  • Tongue

- Tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Since a hypoglossal nerve gets its blood supply from an ipsilateral paramedian branch of the _____, occlusion of this branch artery causes _____ of the hypoglossal nerve, even if the hypoglossal nucleus has collateral circulation.

A
  • Anterior spinal artery

- Infarction (or death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infarction of one hypoglossal nerve causes _____ of the ipsilateral side of the _____.

A
  • Paralysis

- Tongue

20
Q

The hypoglossal nerves leave the _____ just posterior to the pyramids.

A
  • Lower medulla
21
Q

The pyramids carry the corticospinal axons along the _____ edge of the medulla.

A
  • Anterior
22
Q

The pyramids are the medullary portion of the _____ tracts.

A
  • Corticospinal
23
Q

A pyramid and the hypoglossal nerve that exits the lower medulla posterior to it get their blood supply from the same paramedian branch of the _____.

A
  • Anterior spinal artery
24
Q

Occlusion of a _____ of the anterior spinal artery causes infarction of the hypoglossal nerve and the pyramid on that side.

A
  • Paramedian branch
25
Q

Occlusion of a paramedian branch of the anterior spinal artery causes paralysis of that side of the _____ because each hypoglossal nerve innervates the muscles of the same side of the _____.

A
  • Tongue

- Tongue

26
Q

Occlusion of a paramedian branch of the anterior spinal artery causes paralysis of the opposite side of the body because the _____ tracts cross below the level of the exit of the hypoglossal nerve.

A
  • Corticospinal
27
Q

The axons in the corticospinal tracts _____ at the lowest level of the medulla or in the spinal cord.

A
  • Cross
28
Q

The paralysis caused by occlusion of one paramedian branch of the anterior spinal artery is called an _____ because the _____ is paralyzed on one side and the rest of the body is paralyzed on the _____ side.

A
  • Alternating hemiplegia
  • Tongue
  • Opposite (or contralateral)
29
Q

The hypoglossal nerve exits the _____ between the long ridge of the pyramid and the short ridge of the olive.

A
  • Medulla
30
Q

The ridge just posterior to the exit of the _____ is called the olive.

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve
31
Q

The olive is a _____ created by the internal presence of the _____.

A
  • Ridge

- Inferior olivary nucleus

32
Q

The hypoglossal nerve exits the lower medulla between the _____ and the _____.

A
  • Pyramid

- Olive

33
Q

The roots of the _____ nerve emerge from the lower medulla between the pyramid and the olive.

A
  • Hypoglossal
34
Q

The olive is _____ to the pyramid.

A
  • Posterior (or dorsal)
35
Q

The XIth cranial nerve used to be called the _____ nerve because all of its roots leave from the upper five levels of the cervical _____.

A
  • Spinal accessory

- Spinal cord

36
Q

Many small roots leave the upper five cervical levels of the spinal cord and join to form the _____ cranial nerve.

A
  • XIth
37
Q

XI is considered a cranial nerve because it enters the posterior _____ fossa through the foramen magnum.

A
  • Cranial
38
Q

Within the _____ fossa XI shares a sheath with X.

A
  • Posterior cranial
39
Q

_____ is called the accessory nerve due to a mistaken belief that it contributes fibers to _____ inside their shared _____.

A
  • XI
  • X
  • Sheath
40
Q

Although X and XI share a sheath, there is no sharing of _____ between them.

A
  • Fibers (or axons)
41
Q

As befits a nerve arising from _____ cord levels, the _____ innervates neck muscles: the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius.

A
  • Cervical

- Accessory nerve

42
Q

The accessory nerve leaves the posterior cranial fossa through the jugular foramen and splits into a nerve to the _____ and a nerve to the _____.

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid

- Trapezius

43
Q

XI passes through the _____ foramen next to X and IX.

A
  • Jugular
44
Q

The _____ contains the axons of the lower motor neurons for the _____ and trapezius muscles.

A
  • Accessory nerve

- Sternocleidomastoid

45
Q

The _____ whose axons join to form the _____ are in a cell column in the anterior horn of the upper cervical cord and the lowest level of the medulla.

A
  • Lower motor neurons

- Accessory nerve

46
Q

The _____ nucleus is a column of lower motor neurons on the lateral edge of the _____ of the _____ spinal cord.

A
  • Accessory
  • Anterior horn
  • Cervical

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions