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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 21: Vagus & Glossopharyngeal Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Vagus & Glossopharyngeal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts ascend along the _____ surface of the lower medulla just dorsal to the olive.

A
  • Lateral
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2
Q

The olive is just anterior to the _____ in the lower medulla.

A
  • Anterior spinocerebellar tract
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3
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract is just _____ to the _____ spinocerebellar tract.

A
  • Posterior

- Anterior

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4
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the _____ between the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts.

A
  • Lower medulla
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5
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve are the only visible line of demarcation between the _____ and _____ in the lower medulla.

A
  • Anterior

- Posterior spinocerebellar tracts

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6
Q

The olive lies between the roots of the _____ nerve and the roots of the _____ nerve.

A
  • Vagus

- Hypoglossal

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7
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve (X) are _____ to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve.

A
  • Posterior
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8
Q

IX, X, and XI accompany the _____ through the jugular foramen.

A
  • Internal jugular vein
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9
Q

IX, X, and XI leave the posterior cranial fossa through the _____ foramen.

A
  • Jugular
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10
Q

The vagus nerve arises from 2 motor nuclei, both of which are in the _____.

A
  • Lower medulla
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11
Q

The parasympathetic fibers in the vagus nerve that innervate the digestive tract arise from preganglionic _____ in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A
  • Parasympathetic neurons
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12
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is in the central gray matter of the _____ dorsal and lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus.

A
  • Lower medulla
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13
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus contains the _____ neurons for the _____.

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic

- Digestive tract

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14
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is _____ and _____ to the hypoglossal nucleus.

A
  • Dorsal

- Lateral

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15
Q

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus lies between the _____ and the nucleus solitarius.

A
  • Hypoglossal nucleus
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16
Q

The nucleus solitarius is on the dorsal side of the ______ of the _____.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus

- Vagus nerve

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17
Q

Axons from the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the _____ of the vagus join axons from neurons in the nucleus ambiguus to form the vagus nerve.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus
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18
Q

The vagus nerve contains motor fibers from both the _____ and the _____ of the vagus nerve.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus

- Dorsal motor nucleus

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19
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just dorsal to the _____ tract which is just dorsal to the _____.

A
  • Posterior spinocerebellar

- Olive

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20
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve contain fibers from the _____ and the _____.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus

- Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

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21
Q

The nucleus ambiguus is in the medulla halfway between the _____ nucleus and the _____.

A
  • Hypoglossal

- Posterior spinocerebellar tract

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22
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the digestive tract come from the _____ of the _____, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the heart come from the nucleus ambiguus.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus

- Vagus

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23
Q

The nucleus ambiguus contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons for the _____ and lower motor neurons for the larynx.

A
  • Heart
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24
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve contain axons of neurons in the _____.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus
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25
Q

The nucleus ambiguus supplies _____ fibers to the heart and motor fibers to the _____.

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic

- Larynx

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26
Q

The sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve are homologs of the _____ of
spinal nerves.

A
  • Dorsal root ganglia
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27
Q

Neurons in the _____ vagus ganglion supply a few _____ fibers to the eardrum.

A
  • Superior

- Sensory

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28
Q

The eardrum is partially innervated by peripheral processes of the axons of neurons in the _____.

A
  • Superior vagus ganglia
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29
Q

Some primary sensory neurons for earaches are in the _____.

A
  • Superior vagus ganglion
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30
Q

The central processes of the axons of the primary sensory neurons that innervate the eardrum synapse on secondary sensory neurons in the spinal nucleus of the _____.

A
  • Trigeminal nerve
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31
Q

The central processes of the axons of most of the neurons in the _____ of the Xth cranial nerve synapse in a sensory nucleus associated with the Vth cranial nerve.

A
  • Superior ganglion
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32
Q

Pain and temperature in the eardrum are sent to the spinal nucleus of the Vth cranial nerve by neurons in the _____ cranial nerve.

A
  • Superior ganglion of the Xth
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33
Q

Neurons in the _____ vagus ganglion supply _____ fibers to the aortic body, lungs, and digestive tract.

A
  • Inferior

- Sensory

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34
Q

The oxygen sensors in the aortic body are innervated by the _____ of axons of neurons in the _____.

A
  • Peripheral processes

- Inferior vagus ganglion

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35
Q

The _____ and _____ receptors in the lungs and digestive tract are the endings of peripheral processes of axons of neurons in the _____.

A
  • Stretch
  • Pain
  • Inferior vagus ganglion
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36
Q

Some neurons in the inferior vagus ganglion are primary sensory neurons for the partial pressure of _____, and others are primary sensory neurons for _____ in the lungs and digestive tract.

A
  • Oxygen in the aortic body

- Stretch and pain

37
Q

The central processes of the axons of primary sensory neurons for pain and stretch in the lungs and digestive tract synapse on secondary sensory neurons in the in the _____ just lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius
38
Q

The nucleus solitarius abuts the lateral side of the _____ of _____.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus

- Vagus

39
Q

The axons of the _____ in the inferior vagus ganglion run caudad in the tractus solitarius in the center of the nucleus solitarius before synapsing.

A
  • Primary sensory neurons
40
Q

Because it is heavily myelinated, the tractus solitarius appears as a black dot in the center of the _____ in sections stained for myelin.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius
41
Q

The secondary sensory neurons for pain and stretch in the lungs and digestive tract are in the caudal 1/3 of the _____.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius
42
Q

The _____ of the axons of primary sensory neurons for blood ppO2 synapse in the central 1/3 of the nucleus solitarius.

A
  • Central processes
43
Q

The vagus is the _____ cranial nerve.

A
  • Xth
44
Q

The vagus nerve is unusual in having 2 separate motor nuclei, the _____ and the _____.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus

- Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

45
Q

The vagus nerve is also unusual in having 2 sensory nuclei, the _____ and the _____ and _____.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius

- Spinal nucleus of V

46
Q

Both sensory nuclei of the _____ are shared with other cranial nerves.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus
47
Q

The spinal nucleus of V receives _____ and _____ information from the _____ via the vagus nerve.

A
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Eardrum
48
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives _____ and _____ information from the _____ and _____.

A
  • Pain
  • Stretch
  • Lungs
  • Digestive tract
49
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives information about _____ concentration from the _____ via the vagus nerve.

A
  • Oxygen

- Aortic body

50
Q

The nucleus solitarius is on the _____ side of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

A
  • Lateral
51
Q

Somatic motor fibers to the muscles of the larynx come from the _____.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus
52
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the digestive tract come from the _____, but preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the
heart come from the _____.

A
  • Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

- Nucleus ambiguus

53
Q

The center of the anterior half of the lower medulla gets its blood supply from the _____. The rest of the lower medulla gets its blood supply from branches of the _____.

A
  • Anterior spinal artery

- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

54
Q

Since they are not in the midline, all _____ nuclei of the vagus nerve receive their blood supply from branches of the _____.

A
  • 4

- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

55
Q

Since they are close together, the nucleus ambiguus and the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve usually receive their blood supply from the same branch of the _____.

A
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
56
Q

The IXth cranial nerve exits the _____ just above the Xth cranial nerve.

A
  • Medulla
57
Q

IX has _____ nuclei, _____ of which are shared with X.

A
  • 4 nuclei

- 3 of which

58
Q

Like the Xth cranial nerve, the IXth cranial nerve receives somatic motor fibers from the _____ in the _____.

A
  • Nucleus ambiguus

- Medulla

59
Q

Unlike the somatic motor fibers of X which spread out to innervate several muscles, the somatic motor fibers of IX innervate only one muscle: the _____.

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
60
Q

The _____ is the only muscle innervated by the IXth cranial nerve.

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
61
Q

Taste receptors on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue are innervated by _____ in the inferior ganglion of IX.

A
  • Primary sensory neurons
62
Q

The central processes of the neurons in the _____ enter the medulla superior to the roots of X, ascend in the solitary tract and synapse in the nucleus solitarius.

A
  • Inferior ganglion of IX
63
Q

The taste of food on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is reported to the superior (or rostral) third of the _____.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius
64
Q

The _____ of the tongue receives taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue (glossa in Greek).

A
  • Rostral 1/3
65
Q

IX is called the glossopharyngeal nerve because it innervates a portion of the _____ and an important muscle of the _____.

A
  • Tongue

- Pharynx

66
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve reports on the taste of food only on the _____.

A
  • Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
67
Q

The _____ of some neurons in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion form the sinus nerve.

A
  • Peripheral processes
68
Q

The sinus nerve is the branch of the _____ nerve that innervates the pO2 detector cells in the in the carotid body in the wall of the carotid sinus.

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
69
Q

Both X and IX report on pO2. IX reports on pO2 in the carotid body, and X reports on pO2 in the _____.

A
  • Aortic body
70
Q

The neurons that report on pO2 are in the _____ of the _____ and _____ nerves.

A
  • Inferior ganglia
  • Vagus
  • Glossopharyngeal
71
Q

Neurons in the _____ of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves send their reports on pO2 to the _____ of the nucleus solitarius.

A
  • Inferior ganglia

- Central part

72
Q

The nucleus solitarius receives 2 kinds of chemical information: _____ and _____.

A
  • Taste

- pO2

73
Q

Both the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves send information about _____ to the _____.

A
  • pO2

- Nucleus solitarius

74
Q

Like the vagus nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve sends a tiny somatic sensory branch to the _____.

A
  • Eardrum
75
Q

Just as the vagus neurons that innervate the eardrum are in the _____ of the _____, the glossopharyngeal neurons that innervate the eardrum are in the _____ of the _____.

A
  • Superior ganglion
  • Vagus nerve
  • Superior ganglion
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
76
Q

The central processes of the neurons innervating the eardrum synapse in the _____.

A
  • Spinal nucleus of V
77
Q

The spinal nucleus of V receives information from 3 cranial nerves: _____.

A
  • V
  • IX
  • X
78
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve sends sensation from the _____ to the spinal nucleus of V.

A
  • Auditory canal
79
Q

Just as the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus contributes _____ fibers to the vagus nerve, the inferior salivatory nucleus contributes _____ fibers to the glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic

- Preganglionic parasympathetic

80
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse on neurons in the otic ganglion that stimulate the parotid _____.

A
  • Salivary gland
81
Q

The parotid salivary gland receives postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the _____.

A
  • Otic ganglion
82
Q

The otic ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the inferior _____ via a branch of the _____.

A
  • Salivatory nucleus

- Glossopharyngeal nerve

83
Q

Just as the roots of IX are immediately _____ to the roots of X, the inferior salivatory nucleus is immediately _____ to the dorsal motor nucleus of X.

A
  • Superior

- Superior

84
Q

The vagus nerve stimulates secretion in the _____ the glossopharyngeal nerve stimulates secretion in the _____.

A
  • Digestive tract

- Parotid salivary gland

85
Q

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the _____ which stimulates the _____.

A
  • Otic ganglion

- Parotid salivary gland

86
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus are on the medial side of the _____.

A
  • Nucleus solitarius
87
Q

Just as the roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just anterior to the _____, the roots of the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the upper medulla
just anterior to the inferior cerebellar peduncle which is a continuation of the posterior spinocerebellar tract.

A
  • Posterior spinocerebellar tract
88
Q

The roots of the vagus nerve leave the lower medulla just anterior to the posterior spinocerebellar tract, and the roots of the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the upper medulla just anterior to the _____.

A
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle
89
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract becomes the _____ in the upper medulla.

A
  • Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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