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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 25: Facial & Abducens Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Facial & Abducens Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The seventh cranial nerve is called the facial nerve because it contains the axons of _____ for the muscles of facial expression.

A
  • Lower motor neurons
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2
Q

VIII and VII emerge from the _____ at the boundary between the pons and the medulla.

A
  • Brainstem
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3
Q

The motor nucleus of the facial nerve straddles the boundary between the _____ and the _____ .

A
  • Pons

- Medulla

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4
Q

The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is an oval mass of _____ matter medial and inferior to the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Gray
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5
Q

Since the overwhelming majority of fibers in the facial nerve are branchial motor the _____ of the facial nerve is usually simply called the facial nucleus.

A
  • Branchial motor nucleus
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6
Q

The motor fibers leave the medial side of the _____ nucleus, curve dorsad toward the fourth ventricle, run laterad in the floor of the fourth ventricle, and run ventrad between the facial nucleus and the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  • Facial
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7
Q

Running dorsal from the medial side of the facial nucleus and ventrad on the lateral side of the facial nucleus the _____ fibers of the _____ nerve form a loop at the lowest level of the pons.

A
  • Motor

- Facial

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8
Q

The middle portion of the loop, in the floor of the _____, is called the internal genu of the facial nerve.

A
  • Fourth ventricle
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9
Q

The internal genu of the facial nerve contains only _____ fibers.

A
  • Motor
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10
Q

The _____ of the facial nerve is in the floor of the fourth ventricle.

A
  • Internal genu
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11
Q

Beyond its internal genu the _____ of the facial nerve continues laterad and ventrad between the facial nucleus and the spinal tract of V.

A
  • Motor root
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12
Q

The motor root of the facial nerve passes between the _____ and the _____ before leaving the brainstem.

A
  • Motor nucleus of V

- Facial nucleus

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13
Q

The facial nerve leaves the brainstem through the lowest part of the middle cerebellar peduncle just above the _____.

A
  • Foramen of Luschka
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14
Q

Since the _____ nerve leaves the brainstem through the foramen of Luschka, and the _____ nerve leaves just above the foramen of Luschka, the _____ and _____ nerves are close neighbors.

A
  • Vestibulocochlear
  • Facial
  • Vestibulocochlea
  • Facial
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15
Q

A lesion of the root of the _____ nerve is liable to involve the _____ nerve as well.

A
  • Vestibulocochlear

- Facial

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16
Q

The region around the roots of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves is called the cerebellopontine angle because it is a triangle bounded by the medulla, the posterior lobe of the _____, and the _____.

A
  • Pons

- Cerebellum

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17
Q

The facial nerve contains many somatic _____ fibers but hardly any somatic sensory fibers.

A
  • Motor
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18
Q

As is always true for sacral and cranial nerves, the facial nerve contains no preganglionic _____ fibers.

A
  • Sympathetic
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19
Q

Like several other cranial nerves, the facial nerve does contain preganglionic _____ fibers.

A
  • Parasympathetic
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20
Q

The preganglionic _____ fibers in the facial nerve originate in the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons and end in the submandibular ganglion.

A
  • Parasympathetic
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21
Q

The submandibular ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the _____ via the _____.

A
  • Superior salivatory nucleus

- Facial nerve

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22
Q

The submandibular ganglion supplies _____ fibers to the submandibular and sublingual _____ glands.

A
  • Postganglionic parasympathetic

- Salivary

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23
Q

The (parasympathetic) visceral motor nucleus of the facial nerve is called the _____.

A
  • Superior salivatory nucleus
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24
Q

Despite its name, the superior salivatory nucleus provides _____ fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion which provides _____ fibers to the lacrimal gland.

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic

- Postganglionic parasympathetic

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25
The lacrimal gland gets postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from the _____ ganglion which gets its preganglionic innervation from the _____.
- Sphenopalatine | - Superior salivatory nucleus
26
Thus the cornea depends on the _____ nucleus, the _____ nerve and the _____ ganglion to keep it moist and transparent.
- Superior salivatory - Facial - Sphenopalatine
27
The superior salivatory nucleus is in the lower pons just above the _____ nucleus in the _____.
- Inferior salivatory | - Medulla
28
The motor part of the facial nerve passes through the superior salivatory nucleus in the _____ without receiving fibers from it.
- Lower pons
29
The superior salivatory nucleus lies in the path of the _____ of the _____ nerve dorsal to the facial nucleus and ventral to the medial vestibular nucleus.
- Motor root | - Facial
30
The superior salivatory nucleus is _____ to the inferior salivatory nucleus, _____ to the facial nucleus, and _____ to the internal genu of the facial nerve.
- Superior - Dorsal - Lateral
31
The superior salivatory nucleus and inferior salivatory nucleus are_____ motor nuclei.
- Visceral
32
The facial nerve has 2 motor nuclei of 2 different kinds, _____ and _____, and the special sensory nucleus for taste.
- Somatic | - Visceral
33
The only sensory fibers in the facial nerve are those carrying the sense of _____.
- Taste
34
The facial ganglion contains the primary sensory neurons for _____ in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
- Taste
35
The primary sensory neurons for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue are in the _____ ganglion, and the primary sensory neurons for taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are in the _____ ganglion.
- Inferior glossopharyngeal | - Facial
36
Because bitterness receptors are concentrated on the back of the tongue, most of the taste information in the _____ nerve is bitter.
- Glossopharyngeal
37
Because sweetness receptors are concentrated on the tip of the tongue, most sweetness information travels in the _____.
- Facial nerve
38
The superior third of the _____ receives taste sensations from the back of the tongue from the _____ ganglion and taste sensations from the middle and front of the tongue from the _____ ganglion.
- Solitary nucleus - Inferior glossopharyngeal - Facial
39
The central processes of primary sensory neurons for taste synapse in the _____ of the _____ which is sometimes called the gustatory nucleus.
- Superior third | - Solitary nucleus
40
The gustatory nucleus is the _____.
- Superior third of the solitary nucleus.
41
The taste fibers in the facial nerve travel with the parasympathetic fibers dorsolateral to the facial _____ fibers in the pons.
- Motor
42
The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves leave the brainstem in the _____.
- Cerebellopontine angle
43
The motor and parasympathetic roots of the facial nerve are separate as they emerge from the brainstem in the _____.
- Cerebellopontine angle
44
The parasympathetic root of the facial nerve is called the nervus intermedius because it lies between the motor root of the facial nerve and the root of the _____.
- Vestibulocochlear nerve
45
The parasympathetic and taste fibers of the facial nerve leave the brainstem together as the _____.
- Nervus intermedius
46
The nervus intermedius gets its name because it is _____ between the motor root of the facial nerve and the roots of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
- Intermediate
47
The nervus intermedius joins the motor root of the facial nerve shortly after they emerge from the brainstem in the _____.
- Cerebellopontine angle
48
Just after its motor root is joined by the _____, the facial nerve enters the facial canal through the internal acoustic meatus.
- Nervus intermedius
49
The facial nerve passes through the petrous part of the temporal bone inside the _____.
- Facial canal
50
The facial nerve and the vestibular and cochlear divisions of the vestibulocochlear nerve go their separate ways inside the _____ part of the _____ bone.
- Petrous | - Temporal
51
The internal acoustic meatus is shared by the _____ and the _____, but the facial canal contains only the facial nerve and its sensory ganglion.
- Facial nerve | - Vestibulocochlear nerve
52
The bend of the motor root of the facial nerve in the pons is called the _____ of the _____.
- Internal genu | - Facial nerve
53
The bend of the facial nerve inside the petrous part of the temporal bone is called the external _____ of the _____.
- Genu | - Facial nerve
54
The sensory ganglion of the facial nerve is called the geniculate ganglion because it is located at the _____ of the _____ inside the facial canal in the temporal bone.
- External genu | - Facial nerve
55
The peripheral processes of the neurons in the geniculate ganglion reach the taste buds on the _____ of the _____ by passing through the middle ear and exiting the skull through the tympanic fissure.
- Anterior thyroid | - Tongue
56
The taste fibers that leave the skull through the _____ are called the chorda tympani.
- Tympanic fissure
57
The branch of the facial nerve that supplies taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is called the _____.
- Chorda tympani
58
The chorda tympani leaves the _____ canal and passes through the _____ and the _____ fissure to reach the tongue.
- Facial canal - Middle ear - Tympanic
59
Taste buds on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are innervated by the _____ branch of the _____.
- Chorda tympani | - Facial nerve
60
The chorda tympani also carries _____ fibers to the submandibular ganglion.
- Parasympathetic
61
The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the chorda tympani synapse in the _____ ganglion.
- Submandibular
62
The chorda tympani carries both ______ and _____ fibers.
- Sensory | - Preganglionic parasympathetic
63
The _____ fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion leave the _____ at its external genu.
- Preganglionic parasympathetic | - Facial nerve
64
After leaving the _____ the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion enter the middle cranial fossa through the greater petrosal canal.
- Facial nerve
65
The facial canal is connected to the middle cranial fossa by the _____.
- Greater petrosal canal
66
The facial nerve fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion reach the ganglion by passing through the facial canal, _____, middle cranial fossa, foramen lacerum, and pterygoid canal in that order
- Greater petrosal canal
67
Parasympathetic fibers reach the sphenopalatine ganglion by way of the _____, the greater _____, the _____ fossa, the _____, and the _____ canal.
- Facial canal - Petrosal canal - Middle cranial fossa - Foramen lacerum - Pterygoid
68
The sphenopalatine ganglion is located at the anterior end of the _____.
- Pterygoid canal
69
Postganglionic fibers from the sphenopalatine ganglion innervate the _____.
- Lacrimal gland
70
The motor fibers of the facial nerve pass through the petrous part of the temporal bone inside the _____ and exit through the stylomastoid foramen.
- Facial canal
71
The facial canal connects the _____ to the _____ foramen.
- Internal acoustic meatus | - Stylomastoid
72
Because the _____ passes through the narrow facial canal, swelling in its sheath pinches the nerve and paralyzes the muscles it serves.
- Facial nerve
73
Swelling of the sheath of the facial nerve causes paralysis of the muscles of _____, including the orbicularis oculi.
- Facial expression
74
Closing or blinking the eye is impossible if the _____ muscle is paralyzed.
- Orbicularis oculi
75
Lack of blinking risks drying out and opacity of the _____.
- Cornea
76
The syndrome of unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles and dry eye on the same side due to swelling of the _____ of the _____ is called Bell's palsy.
- Sheath | - Facial nerve
77
In order to prevent damage to the cornea, a patient with _____ must close the affected eye with a bandage or put eye drops in every 15 minutes.
- Bell’s Palsy
78
The swelling of the sheath of the facial nerve usually subsides in 2 months and the symptoms of _____ disappear.
- Bell’s Palsy
79
Although anti-inflammatory drugs may help, Bell's palsy usually resolves spontaneously in _____.
- 2 months
80
Like most structures in the pons, the facial nucleus, superior salivatory nucleus, and superior half of the nucleus solitarius get their blood supply from small branches of the _____ artery.
- Basilar
81
Occlusion of a circumferential branch of the basilar artery will usually infarct the facial nucleus and _____ the _____ muscles
- Paralyze | - Facial
82
Because the internal genu of the facial nerve and the abducens nucleus share the _____ of the _____, the internal genu of the facial nerve passes through the abducens nucleus.
- Floor | - Fourth ventricle
83
The abducens nucleus contains the lower motor neurons for the lateral rectus muscle of the eye which abducts one's _____.
- Gaze
84
The abducens nerve exits the brainstem through the pontomedullary sulcus and reaches the _____ muscle through the superior orbital fissure.
- Lateral rectus
85
Because the abducens nucleus and the roots of the abducens nerve are close to the midline, occlusion of a paramedian branch of the _____ will infarct the abducens nucleus and nerve.
- Basilar artery
86
Infarction of either the _____ or _____ makes it impossible to turn the ipsilateral eye to its own side.
- Abducens nucleus | - Abducens nerve
87
Occlusion of a paramedian branch of the basilar artery will also infarct the _____ of the _____ and paralyze the muscles of facial expression.
- Internal genu | - Facial nerve
88
The midline structures of the pons receive their blood supply from _____ of the _____, and the lateral structures of the pons receive their blood supply from _____ of the _____.
- Paramedian branches - Basilar artery - Circumflex branches - Basilar artery
89
Counting mediad, the vestibulocochlear nerve is the _____ cranial nerve, the facial nerve is the _____ cranial nerve, and the abducens nerve is the _____ cranial nerve.
- Eighth - Seventh - Sixth
90
The vestibulocochlear nerve is purely _____, and the abducens nerve is purely somatic _____, but the facial nerve contains branchial _____, visceral _____, and _____ fibers.
- Special sensory - Motor - Motor - Motor - Sensory

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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