Chapter 3 Lesson 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of primary succession?
The begin stage of ecological succession where there is no life
What is the definition of ecological succession?
The transition in species composition over time
What is the definition of secondary succession?
When a climax community is effected by a disturbance and has to restart the stages of ecological succession with only soil
What is the definition of a pioneer species?
The species that is first to colonize a barren environment
What is the definition of the serial stages?
The stages in which soil quality and quantity improves and increases
What is the definition of a climax community?
The final stage of ecological succession when plants and animals are fully developed
What is the definition of species richness (R)?
The number of types of species in an environment
What is the definition of species evenness (E)?
The proportion/abundance of a species
What is the definition of genetic diversity?
The variation of traits within one species
What is the definition of ecological diversity?
Variation of ecosystems and the range of habitat types
What is the definition of a keystone species?
A species that the other species of an ecosystem largely depend on, without them it would be a major problem
What is the definition of an invasive species?
A species that is introduced and harms its new environment
What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession is when there was no previous life while secondary succession is when there was previous life, but then a disruption occurred
How do keystone and invasive species affect biodiversity?
Keystone species help maintain the biodiversity while invasive species hurt the biodiversity and shrink it
What are some examples of primary succession?
- Melting, receding glaciers
- volcanic eruption with lava flow
What are some examples of secondary succession?
- Logging a wooded area
- Major flooding of a creek bed
How does species richness, evenness, and the Shannon-Wiener index affect biodiversity?
The more diverse the species are, the more stable the ecosystem will be providing major benefits when the biodiversity is higher
What is the evenness (E) of a community with an R of 5 and the number of each species being 10, 15, 20, 30, and 35?
0.95
What is the richness (R) of a community with an R of 5 and the number of each species being 10, 15, 20, 30, and 35?
5
What is the Shannon-Wiener Index (H) of a community with an R of 5 and the number of each species being 10, 15, 20, 30, and 35?
1.53
What happens as an ecosystem gets more diverse?
That ecosystem becomes more stable
- More food resources
- More habitats
- More resilience in face of environmental change
What are some benefits of biodiversity for humans?
- Food
- Shelter / Warmth
- Medicine
- Indirect Services (Clean Air / Water)
- Direct Services (Pollination / Soil Health)
What drives succession?
- High tolerance of harsh conditions
- Early facilitation and inhibition
What three species make soil?
- Bacteria
- Lichens
- Mosses
