Chapter 10 Lesson 3 Flashcards
What is the definition of Meiosis?
Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a parent chromosome in half
What is the definition of homologous chromosomes?
A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent that are similar in size, shape, and gene sequence
What is the definition of sister chromatids?
Identical copies of a single chromosome
What is the definition of fertilization?
The process where male and female gamete meet to form a zygote
What is the definition of asexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction that only requires one parent
What is the definition of sexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction involving two parents, using genes from both
What is the definition of a gamete?
A reproductive cell, for men (sperm) and women (egg)
What is the definition of a somatic cell?
Any cell that forms the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete
What is the definition of haploid (n)?
A cell with a single set of chromosomes
What is the definition of diploid (2n)?
A cell with two sets of chromosomes
What is the definition of a tetrad?
The structure formed during meiosis when two homologous chromosomes pair up
What is the definition of synapsis?
The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I
What does crossing over mean?
When genetic material gets swapped out between homologous chromosomes
What is the definition of independent assortment?
The random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I
What is the order of events in meiosis?
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
When during meiosis is the number of chromosomes reduced in half?
End of anaphase I (Meiosis I)
What are some ways genetic variation is caused?
- Crossing over
- Independent assortment
- Random fertilization
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
During mitosis the cell is only divided one, during meiosis the cell is divided twice
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves two parents while asexual reproduction only needs one, giving it 23 chromosomes rather than 46
