Chapter 9 Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus while Eukaryotic cells do, and Prokaryotic cells are more ovular than Eukaryotic cells
What are the major components of bacterial cells?
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Wall
- Cell Membrane
- Free Floating DNA
What are the major components of animal cells?
- Cell Membrane
- Temporary Vacuole
- Nuclear Membrane
- DNA
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Lysosome
- Mitochondria
- Vesicle
- Golgi Apparatus
What are the major components of plant cells?
- Cell Membrane
- Large Permanent Vacuole
- Nuclear Membrane
- DNA
- Nucleus
- Chloroplast
- Cytoplasm
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Golgi Apparatus
- Cell Wall
What are some similarities between bacterial, plant, and animal cells?
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell Membrane
What are some differences between bacterial, plant, and animal cells?
Bacterial Cells -
1) DNA is stored in the cytoplasm
2) Digestive enzymes are in the cytoplasm
3) Some can do photosynthesis, some can not
4) Some have two layers of cell membranes and some have one
5) Proteins are always made directly in the cytoplasm
Animal Cells -
1)Digestive enzymes are stored in lysosomes
Plant Cells -
1)Digestive enzymes are stored in vacuoles
2)Chloroplast pigments capture energy from the sun to make ATP which they then use to build sugars (photosynthesis)
What are some major components of most cells?
- Vesicles
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoskeleton
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosomes
How do the different types of cells get rid of waste?
Animal - Lysosomes and waste exits the cell membrane
Plant - Vacuole, cell turns into new molecules, burn or get rid of waste, waste moves out through cell membrane
Bacteria - Enzymes digest into smaller pieces, molecules burn or get rid of waste through cell membrane, proteins help
How do the different types of cells serve as a container?
Animal - Cell membrane, proteins, enclosed smaller compartments (organells)
Plant - Cell membrane, cell wall, proteins, enclosed smaller compartments (organells)
Bacteria - Cell membrane(s), proteins
How do the different types of cells contain a set of instructions?
Animal - DNA in the nucleous and holds instructions, genes code for molecules, DNA can duplicate
Plant - DNA in the nucleous and holds instructions, genes code for molecules, DNA can duplicate
Bacteria -DNA in the nucleous and holds instructions, genes code for molecules, DNA can duplicate
How do the different types of cells read the instructions?
Animal - Proteins work, genes are instructions, to read the gene the cell copies, the ribosome decodes, the proteins go from ER -> Golgi Apparatus, Vesicle takes them to the right spot
Plant - Proteins work, genes are instructions, to read the gene the cell copies, the ribosome decodes, the proteins go from ER -> Golgi Apparatus, Vesicle takes them to the right spot
Bacteria - Proteins work, genes are instructions, to read the gene the cell copies, the ribosome decodes
How do the different types of cells get and use energy?
Animal - ATP, each cell makes its own energy (Cellular Respiration), cellular respiration happens in the mitochondria
Plant - ATP, chloroplasts make ATP (photosynthesis), Make sugar from ATP, sugar turns into protiens/carbohydrates, cellular respiration happens in the mitochondria
Bacteria - ATP, each cell makes its own ATP (cellular respiration), some bacteria have chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
What are the steps that an organelle takes to make and distribute protiens?
The organelle protein distribution starts in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth or rough), the products of this then get transported by vesicles to the Golgi Apparatus which helps to distribute these products to the target locations such as the cytoplasm, cell membrane, get exported outside of the cell, or travels to another organelle
Why would liver cells have more smooth E.R. than most other cells?
The liver needs to help with digestion, so lipids, which is what smooth E.R. makes, will increase the rate of digestion, so it will need more than most other cells
Why would muscle cells have more rough E.R. than most other cells?
Muscle needs a lot of protiens, which is what rough E.R. makes, so it will need more of that than many other cells
