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Biology > Chapter 3: 3.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3: 3.1 Flashcards

Biological elements

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are cells composed of?

A

Molecles

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2
Q

Why is biochemistry important?

A
  • Biochemistry is important because allow us to underpin proper understanding of metabolic, processes and structure and limitations of chemistry
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3
Q

What do elements contain? How can we identify them?

A

Compounds containing different types of ions and can identified by their atomic bomb

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4
Q

What are the 4 key primary elements that living things are made of?

A

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)

  • Sulfur and phosphorous (others but not key)
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5
Q

How are covalent bonds formed?

A

Covalent bonds is formed when 2 atoms shares a pair of electron - by sharing electron that present and unpaired in the outer electron

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6
Q

Important facts for this section NOT A FLASHCARD

A

know the bonding rules

know how to draw molecules on page 41

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7
Q

Why is life considered as ‘carbon based’?

A

Because carbons forms 4 bond with other and is considered the backbones for most biological

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

An compounds were electron is unequal to the total electron

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9
Q

What is a cantion?

A

An atoms or molecule that loose one or more neutron

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10
Q

What is an anion?

A

It is atom or molecules that gains protons and net a has negative neutron

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11
Q

How are ionic bonds formed?

A

There are formed when one atoms in their pair donates electrons and the other receives it. Forming a positve and negatve ion that gots helds together by repulsion between same charges

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12
Q

What is the function of calcium ion? Symbol?

A

{ Ca 2+}
It is responsible for nerve muscle transmission

It is responsible for muscle contraction

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13
Q

What is the function of sodium ions? Symbol?

A

{Na+}

It is responsible for kidney function and nerve impulse

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14
Q

What is the function of potassium ions? Symbol?

A

{K+}
Stomatal opening

Nerve impulse transmission

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15
Q

What hydrogen ions function? Symbol?

A

{H+}
Catalysing reactions

Ph determination

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16
Q

What is the function of Ammonium ions?

A

{NH4+}

Responsible for the production of nitrate ions by bacteria

17
Q

What are the different cations found in living cells?

A 
Calcium ions
Sodium ions 
Potassium ions 
Hydrogen ions
Ammonium ions
18
Q

What are the different anions found in the living cells?

A 
Nitrate ions 
Hydrogen carbonate ions
Chloride Ions
Phosphate ions
Hydroxide Ions
19
Q

What is the nitrate ions function?

A

{NO3-}

responsible for nitrogen supply to plants for amino acids and protein formation

20
Q

What is the hydrogen carbonate ions responsible for?

A

Maintenance of blood pressure

21
Q

What is the function of chloride ions?

A

{Cl-}

Responsible of balancing positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

22
Q

What is the function of phosphate ions?

A

{PO4^3-}
Responsible for cell membrame formation
Bone formation
Nucleic acid and ATP formation

23
Q

What is the function of hydroxside ions?

A

{OH-}
pH determination
catalysis reaction

24
Q

What is the general formula for carbohydrates? What do they consist of?

A

{Cx(H2O)x}

Consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

25
Q

What do proteins consist of (elements)?

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen 
Oxygen 
Nitrogen 
Sulfer
26
Q

What does nucleic acid consist of (elements)?

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen 
Oxygen
Nitrogen 
Sulfer
27
Q

What does lipids consist of (elements)?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

28
Q

What are polymers and what is their structure like?

A

they are long chains of molecules that are made up of by the linking of multiple individual molecules called monomers in repeating pattern

29
Q

What are the monomers in carbonhydrates?

A

Sugar

30
Q

What are the monomers in protein?

A

Amino acids

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