Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
The protective covering of the body
A
epidermis
2
Q
2.A black tumor
A
melanoma
3
Q
3.Pertaining to under, or below the skin
A
subcutaneous
4
Q
4.Hardening and thickening of the skin
A
scleroderma
5
Q
5.Abnormal condition caused by fungi
A
mycosis
6
Q
6.Softening of the nail
A
onychomalacia
7
Q
7.Disease of the skin
A
dermopathy
8
Q
8.Skin that is red
A
erythroderma
9
Q
9.Cell that is white
A
leukocyte
10
Q
10.An instrument used to incise or cut skin
A
dermatome
11
Q
11.Pertaining to below the skin
A
hypodermic
12
Q
12.Tumor containing yellow material
A
xanthoma
13
Q
13.Condition where nails become white, opaque, thickened and brittle
A
onychomycosis
14
Q
14.Inadequate perspiration
A
anhidrosis
15
Q
15.Treatment using cold
A
cryotherapy
16
Q
adip/o
A
fat
17
Q
-cele
A
hernia, swelling
18
Q
adip/o/cele (ĂD-ĭ-pō-sēl □):
A
hernia containing fat or fatty tissue
19
Q
-cyte
A
cell
20
Q
lip/o
A
?
21
Q
lip/o/cyte (LĬP-ō-sīt □):
A
fat cell
22
Q
steat/o
A
?
23
Q
steat/itis (stē-ă-TĪ-tĭs □):
A
inflammation of fatty tissue
24
Q
-itis:
A
inflammation
25
cutane/o
skin
26
cutane/ous (kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs □):
pertaining to the skin
27
-ous:
pertaining to
28
dermat/o
?
29
dermat/o/logist (dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jĭst □):
physician specializing in treating skin disorders
30
-logist:
specialist in the study of
31
derm/o
?
32
hypo/derm/ic (hī-pō-DĔR-mĭk □):
pertaining to under or inserted under the skin, as in a hypodermic injection
33
hypo-:
under, below, deficient
34
-ic:
pertaining to
35
hidr/o
sweat
36
hidr/aden/itis (hī-drăd-ĕ-NĪ-tĭs □):
inflammation of a sweat gland
37
aden:
gland
38
-itis:
inflammation
39
Do not confuse hidr/o (sweat) with
hydr/o (water).
40
sudor/o
?
41
sudor/esis (sū-dō-RĒ-sĭs □):
condition of profuse sweating
42
-esis:
condition
43
Sudoresis is also referred to as
diaphoresis and hyperhidrosis.
44
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
45
ichthy/osis (ĭk-thē-Ō-sĭs □):
abnormal condition of dryness and scaling of the skin
46
-osis:
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
47
A mild form of ichthyosis, called
winter itch, is commonly seen on the legs of older patients, especially during the dry winter months.
48
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea
49
kerat/osis (kĕr-ă-TŌ-sĭs □):
abnormal condition of overgrowth and thickening of the skin
50
-osis:
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
51
melan/o
black
52
melan/oma (mĕl-ă-NŌ-mă □):
malignant tumor of melanocytes that commonly begins in a darkly pigmented mole and can metastasize widely
53
-oma:
tumor
54
Melanomas are caused by
intense exposure to sunlight and commonly metastasize throughout the body.
55
myc/o
fungus; (plural, fungi)
56
dermat/o/myc/osis (dĕr-mă-tō-mī-KŌ-sĭs □):
fungal infection of the skin
57
dermat/o:
skin
58
-osis:
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
59
onych/o
nail
60
onych/o/malacia (ŏn-ĭ-kō-mă-LĀ-shē-ă □):
abnormal softening of the nails
61
-malacia:
softening
62
pil/o
hair
63
pil/o/nid/al (pī-lō-NĪ-dăl □):
pertainining to a growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or in a sinus opening on the skin
64
nid:
nest
65
-al:
pertaining to
66
A pilonidal cyst commonly develops in the
sacral region (fourth segment of the lower spinal column) of the skin. The cystic tumor contains elements derived from the ectoderm, such as hair, skin, sebum, or teeth.
67
trich/o
?
68
trich/o/pathy (trĭk-ŎP-ă-thē □):
any disease of the hair
69
-pathy:
disease
70
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
71
scler/o/derma (sklĕr-ō-DĔR-mă □):
chronic disease with abnormal hardening of the skin caused by formation of new collagen
72
-derma:
skin
73
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
74
seb/o/rrhea (sĕb-or-Ē-ă □):
discharge or flow of sebum; also called seborrheic dermatitis
75
-rrhea:
discharge, flow
76
Seborrhea is a common skin condition that mainly affects
the scalp. It causes scaly patches, red skin, and stubborn dandruff. It can also affect oily areas of the body, such as the face, upper chest, and back.
77
squam/o
scale
78
squam/ous (SKWĀ-mŭs □):
covered with scales or scalelike
79
-ous:
pertaining to
80
xer/o
dry
81
xer/o/derma (zē-rō-DĔR-mă □):
chronic skin condition characterized by excessive roughness and dryness
82
-derma:
skin
83
Xeroderma is a mild form of
ichthyosis. What is this define it
84
-derma
skin
85
py/o/derma (pī-ō-DĔR-mă □):
any pyogenic infection of the skin
86
py/o:
pus
87
-oid
resembling
88
derm/oid (DĔR-moyd □):
resembling the skin
89
derm:
skin
90
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
91
dia/phoresis (dī-ă-fō-RĒ-sĭs □):
condition of profuse sweating
92
dia-:
through, across
93
Diaphoresis is also referred to as
sudoresis and hyperhidrosis.
94
-plasty
surgical repair
95
dermat/o/plasty (DĔR-mă-tō-plăs-tē □):
surgical repair of the skin
96
dermat/o:
skin
97
-therapy
treatment
98
cry/o/therapy (krī-ō-THĔR-ă-pē □):
treatment using cold as a destructive medium
99
cry/o:
cold
100
Warts and actinic keratosis are some of the common skin disorders treated with
cryotherapy.
101
hypo/derm/ic
: -ic: pertaining to; under, below, deficient; skin
102
2. melan/oma
: -oma: tumor; black
103
3. kerat/osis
: -osis: abnormal condition, increase (used primarily with blood cells); horny tissue; hard; cornea
104
4. cutane/ous
: -ous: pertaining to; skin
105
5. lip/o/cyte
: -cyte: cell; fat
106
6. onych/o/malacia
: -malacia: softening; nail
107
7. scler/o/derma
: -derma: skin; hardening; sclera (white of the eye)
108
8. dia/phoresis
: -phoresis: carrying, transmission; through, across
109
9. dermat/o/myc/osis
: -osis: abnormal condition, increase (used primarily with blood cells); skin; fungus
110
10. cry/o/therapy
: -therapy: treatment; cold
111
The epi/derm/is forms the protective covering of
the body and does not have a blood or nerve supply.
112
the epidermis is dependent on the
dermis’ network of capillaries for nourishment.
113
As oxygen and nutrients flow out of the capillaries in the dermis, they pass through
tissue fluid, supplying nourishment to the deeper layers of the epidermis.
114
When you talk about the outer layer of skin, you are referring to the / / .
epi/derm/is
115
When you talk about the deeper layer of skin, consisting of nerve and blood vessels, you are talking about the / .
derm/is
116
The epi/derm/is is thick on the
palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, but relatively thin over most other areas.
117
epi
above or upon
118
-is
a part of speech (noun)
119
The combining form (CF) derm/o refers to
the skin.
120
Derm/o/pathy is a disease of the
skin
121
Although the epidermis is composed of several layers, which layers are of the greatest importance?
the (3) stratum corneum and the (4) basal layer are of greatest importance.
122
The stratum corneum is composed of
dead, flat cells. Its thickness is correlated with normal wear of the area it covers.
123
Only the basal layer is composed of
living cells. It is where new cells are continuously reproduced. Label these two structures in Figure 3-2.
124
3–6 As new cells form in the
basal layer, they move toward the stratum corneum. Eventually, they die and become filled with a hard protein material called keratin.
125
The relatively waterproof characteristic of keratin prevents
body fluids from evaporating and moisture from entering the body. These keratinized cells gradually flake away and are replaced in a continuous cycle.
126
The entire process by which a cell forms in the basal layers, rises to the surface, becomes keratinized, and sloughs off takes about
1 month.
127
In addition to derm/o, two other CFs for the skin
are cutane/o and dermat/o.
128
Cutane/ous means pertaining to the .
skin
129
Dermat/o/logy is the
study of the skin
130
A physician who specializes in treating skin diseases is called a
dermat/o/logist
131
Use dermat to build a word meaning inflammation of the skin
dermat/itis
132
The prefix sub- means
under or below;
133
the prefix hypo- means
under, below, deficient.
134
A sub/cutane/ous injection occurs beneath the .
skin
135
A hypo/derm/ic needle is inserted under the
skin
136
Sub/cutane/ous literally means pertaining to under the .
skin
137
When you see the terms derm/a, derm/is, and derm/oid, you will know that the roots refer to the .
skin
138
As discussed previously, suffixes -al, -ic, -ior, and -ous are
adjective endings that mean pertaining to.
139
Terms such as derm/al and derm/ic mean
pertaining to the skin
140
3–14 In the basal layer, specialized cells, called melan/o/cytes, produce
a black pigment called melanin.
141
Production of melanin increases with
exposure to strong UV light. This exposure creates a suntan that provides a protective barrier from damaging effects of the sun.
142
The CF melan/o refers to
the color black.
143
Build a word that literally means black cell
melan/o/cyte
144
black tumor: / .
melan/oma
145
Activity of melan/o/cytes is genetically
regulated and inherited. Local accumulations of melanin are seen in pigmented moles and freckles. Environmental and physiological factors also play a role in skin color.
146
Absence of pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair is most likely caused by
an inherited inability to produce melanin.
147
This lack of melanin results in the condition called
albin/ism. A person with this condition is called an albino.
148
Deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes caused by an abnormality in production of melanin is known as / .
albin/ism
149
The number of melan/o/cytes is about the
same in all races.
150
Differences in skin color are attributed to
production of melanin. In people with dark skin, melan/o/cytes continuously produce large amounts of melanin. In people with light skin, melan/o/cytes produce less .
151
In people with light skin, melan/o/cytes produce less .
melanin
152
When defining a medical word, first,
define the suffix. Second, define the beginning of the word; finally, define the middle of the word. Below is an example of a term, which is translated as abnormal condition of a skin fungus. ' dermat / o / myc / osis - (2) (3) (1)
153
The term derm/is is a noun that means pertaining to the skin. Identify the part of speech for
pertaining to the skin
154
derm/ic: is what part of speech
adjective
155
derm/al: is what part of speech
adjective
156
The second layer of skin, the
derm/is,
157
derm/is contains
contains the (5) hair follicle, (6) sebaceous (oil) gland, and (7) sudoriferous (sweat) gland.
158
Dermat/itis is an
inflammation of the skin
159
Derm/o/pathy is a ________; dermat/o/pathy is also a _________
disease of the skin;
160
aden/oma
benign (not malignant) neo/plasm in which the tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. The tumor is usually well circumscribed, tending to compress, rather than infiltrate or invade, adjacent tissue.
161
Build a word that means tumor composed of glandular tissue.
aden/oma
162
adip/ectomy (ăd-ĭ-PĔK-tō-mē)
excision of fat.
163
Lip/o and adip/o are CFs that mean
fat.
164
lip/ectomy
is excision of fat or adipose tissue.
165
Use adip/o to form another surgical term that means excision of fat.
adip/ectomy
166
lip/o
fat
167
adip/o,
fat
168
steat/o
CF that refers to fat
169
Adip/oma and lip/oma are terms that mean
fatty tumor. Both are benign tumors consisting of fat cells.
170
The dermis is attached to underlying structures of the skin by
(8) subcutaneous tissue.
171
lip/o/cytes (LĬP-ō-sītz)
fat cells
172
adi/poma
fatty tumor
173
Sub/cutane/ous (sŭb-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs) tissue forms lip/o/cytes, also known
as fat cells.
174
Lip/o/suction (LĪP-ō-sŭk-shŭn) is a form of
plastic surgery in which sub/cutane/ous fat tissue is removed with a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) introduced into the fatty area through a small incision. Suction is then applied, and fat tissue is removed.
175
under the skin: / /
Sub/cutane/ous (sŭb-kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs)
176
excision of fat: / / .
lip/o/suction (LĪP-ō-sŭk-shŭn)
177
Lip/o/suction is performed for
cosmetic reasons. This surgical procedure removes localized areas of fat around the upper arms, breasts, abdomen, hips, legs, or buttocks,
178
Another type of lip/o/suction, ultra/son/ic-assisted lip/o/suction uses
ultra/son/ic waves to break up the fatty tissue before removal. This is also known as suction-assisted lip/ectomy.
179
excision or removal of fat: / .
lip/ectomy (lĭ-PĔK-tō-mē)
180
pertaining to excessive sound: / / .
ultra/son/ic (ŭl-tră-SŎN-ĭk)
181
List three CFs that refer to the skin.
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
182
dermat/o/plasty (DĔR-mă-tō-plăs-tē)
surgical repair (of the) skin:
183
dermat/it is (dĕr-mă-TĪ-tĭs)
inflammation (of the) skin:
184
More specifically, dermat/o/plasty refers to
any type of plastic surgery procedure of the skin, such as skin grafting, removal of a keloid, or a facelift.
185
Build a word that means surgical repair of the skin:
dermat/o/plasty (DĔR-mă-tō-plăs-tē)
186
The noun suffixes -logy and -logist contain the same root, log/o, which means
study of.
187
The y at the end of a term means
condition or process and denotes a noun ending.
188
-logy means
study of;
189
-logist means
specialist in the study of.
190
The element in the suffix -logist that means specialist is .
ist
191
The element in the suffix -logy that means condition or process is .
y
192
dermat/o/logy (dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jē)
study of the skin:
193
dermat/o/logist (dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jĭst)
specialist who treats skin disorders:
194
dermat/oma (dĕr-mă-TŌ-mă)
tumor of the skin: / .
195
dermat/o/pathy (dĕr-mă-TŎP-ă-thē)
disease of the skin: / / .
196
dermat/o/logy (dĕr-mă-TŎL-ō-jē)
study of the skin: / / .
197
Scler/osis is an abnormal condition of .
hardening
198
Scler/o/derma,
a chronic hardening and thickening of the skin, is caused by new collagen formation. It is characterized by inflammation that ultimately develops into fibrosis (scarring), then sclerosis (hardening) of tissues.
199
fibrosis
(scarring),
200
sclerosis
(hardening) of tissues.
201
Systemic scler/o/derma can be defined as hardening of the .
skin
202
system/ic scler/osis (sĭs-TĔM-ĭk sklĕ-RŌ-sĭs)
A form of scler/o/derma that causes fibr/osis and scler/osis of multiple body systems
203
System/ic scler/osis, a form of scler/o/derma, is characterized by
formation of thickened collagenous fibrous tissue, thickening of the skin, and adhesion to underlying tissues. The disease progresses to involve tissues of the heart, lungs, muscles, genit/o/urin/ary tract, and kidneys.
204
sclera
(white of eye).
205
In the integumentary system, however, scler/o specifically refers to
hardening
206
The CF kerat/o means
horny tissue; hard; cornea.
207
When kerat/o is used in discussions of the skin, it refers to or .
horny tissue, hard
208
When kerat/o is used in discussions of the eye, it refers to the .
cornea
209
Kerat/osis, (kĕr-ă-TŌ-sĭs)
skin condition, is characterized by hard, horny tissue. A person with a skin lesion in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis most likely would be diagnosed with / .
210
kerat/oma is a horny________ , also called kerat/osis.
tumor
211
sebaceous (sē-BĀ-shŭs)
Oil-secreting glands of the skin
212
sudoriferous (sū-dŏr-ĬF-ĕr-ŭs)
Sweat glands
213
Accessory organs of the skin include
the sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair, and nails.
214
comedos (KŎM-ē-dōs)
blackheads: .
215
pustules (PŬS-tūlz)
whiteheads: .
216
Sebaceous glands are found in
all areas of the body that have hair. The oily material, called sebum, is secreted by the sebaceous gland. It keeps hair and the skin soft and pliable and inhibits growth of bacteria on the skin. Increased activity of sebaceous glands at puberty may block the hair follicle and form blackheads (comedos). As bacteria feed on the sebum, they release irritating substances that produce inflammation. Large numbers of bacteria produce infection, forming whiteheads (pustules).
217
Comedos and pustules are the result of
hypersecretion of sebum by the aebaceous (oil) glands.
218
sudoriferous (sū-dŏr-ĬF-ĕr-ŭs)
Sweat, or perspiration, is produced by these glands.
219
Sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles
open to the surface of the skin through pores. These glands are stimulated by temperature increases or emotional stress and produce perspiration that evaporates on the surface of the skin and provides a cooling effect.
220
hidr/osis (hī-DRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of sweat: / .
221
The CF for sweat is
hidr/o.
222
dia/phoresis
denotes a condition of profuse or excessive sweating.
223
hidr/aden/itis (hī-drăd-ĕ-NĪ-tĭs □):
inflammation of sweat gland
224
hidr: .
sweat
225
aden: .
gland
226
-itis: .
inflammation
227
hyper/hidr/osis
also denotes a condition of profuse or excessive sweating,
228
hyper-: ,
excessive, above normal
229
hidr:
sweat
230
-osis:
abnormal condition
231
Hidr/o refers to .
sweat
232
Hydr/o refers to .
water
233
an/hidr/osis (ăn-hī-DRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition characterized by inadequate perspiration.
234
myc/osis (mī-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition caused by fungi.
235
CF myc/o refers to
a fungus (plural, fungi).
236
Dermat/o/myc/osis,
a fungal infection of the skin, is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and other fungi. When you see this term in a medical report, you will know it refers to a fungal infection of the skin .
237
Myc/o/dermat/itis,
an inflammation of the skin, is caused by a a fungus (fungi)
238
derm/o/pathy (dĕr-MŎP-ă-thē)
disease of the skin.
239
trich/o/pathy (trĭk-ŎP-ă-thē)
disease of the hair:
240
trich/osis (trĭ-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of the hair:
241
CF trich/o
refers to the hair
242
trich/o/myc/osis (trĭk-ō-mī-KŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of the hair caused by a fungus.
243
pil/o.
Another CF for hair
244
-oid
resembling
245
Pil/o/cyst/ic refers to a
derm/oid cyst containing hair.
246
Each nail is formed in
the (1) nail root and is composed of keratin
247
keratin,
a hard fibrous protein, which is also the main component of hair.
248
As the nail grows from a
(2) matrix of active cells beneath the (3) cuticle, it stays attached and slides forward over the epithelial layer, called the (4) nail bed.
249
matrix
active cells beneath the cuticle
250
nail bed
epithelial layer
251
Most of the (5) nail body appears pink because
of the underlying blood vessels.
252
lunula
is the crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail. It has a whitish appearance because the vascular tissue underneath does not show through.
253
Here is a review of the three basic rules of word building:
• Rule 1: The word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.; • Rule 2: The combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant.; • Rule 3: The Combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (This rule holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel.)
254
CF onych/o refers to
the nail(s).
255
onych/oma (ŏn-ĭ-KŌ-mă)
tumor of the nail (or nail bed): / .
256
onych/o/pathy (ŏn-ĭ-KŎP-ăth-ē)
disease of the nail: / / .
257
malacia
abnormal softening of tissue. This term is also used in words as a suffix.
258
onych/o/malacia (ŏn-ĭ-kō-mă-LĀ-shē-ă)
softening of the nail(s).
259
onych/o
nail
260
myc
fungus
261
-osis
abnormal condition
262
onych/o/myc/osis.
Nails become white, opaque, thickened, and brittle (an infection of the nails caused by fungus)
263
xer/o
CF that means dry
264
-derma
denotes skin.
265
xer/o/derma
A person with excessive dryness of the skin has a condition called xer/o/derma.
266
-cele
hernia, swelling
267
lip/o/cele (LĬP-ō-sēl)
A hernia containing fat or fatty tissue
268
adip/o/cele or / / .
A hernia containing fat or fatty tissue
269
1. disease
'-pathy
270
2. dry
xer/o
271
3. fat
lip/o, adip/o, steat/o
272
4. discharge, flow
'-rrhea
273
5. hair
trich/o, pil/o
274
6. hardening; sclera (white of the eye)
scler/o
275
7. hernia, swelling
'-cele
276
8. nail
onych/o
277
9. skin
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o, -derma
278
10. softening
'-malacia
279
11. specialist in the study of
'-logist
280
12. above, upon
epi-
281
13. abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
'-osis
282
14. sweat
hidr/o
283
15. under, below; deficient
hypo-
284
albin/o:
white
285
albin/ism (ĂL-bĭn-ĭzm)
white condition
286
cyan/o:
blue
287
cyan/o/derma (sī-ă-nō-DĔR-mă)
blue skin
288
erythr/o:
red
289
erythr/o/derma (ĕ-rĭth-rō-DĔR-mă)
red skin
290
leuk/o:
white
291
leuk/o/derma (loo-kō-DĔR-mă)
white skin
292
melan/o:
black
293
melan/o/derma (mĕl-ăn-ō-DĔR-mă)
black skin
294
xanth/o:
yellow
295
xanth/oma (zăn-THŌ-mă)
yellow tumor
296
The -a ending in cyan/o/derma, erythr/o/derma, leuk/o/derma, and melan/o/derma designates that these words are
(adjectives, nouns)
297
erythr/o/derma (ĕ-rĭth-rō-DĔR-mă)
skin that is red: / /
298
melan/o/derma (mĕl-ăn-ō-DĔR-mă)
skin that is black: / /
299
xanth/o/derma (zăn-thō-DĔR-mă)
skin that is yellow: / /
300
xer/o/derma (zē-rō-DĔR-mă)
skin that is dry: / /
301
cell is the smallest
basic unit of the human organism
302
every tissue and organ in the human body is made up of
cells.
303
Cyt/o/logy is the study of .
cells
304
cyt/o and -cyte are used to build words that refer to a .
cell
305
erythr/o/cyte (ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sīt)
cell that is red: / / .
306
leuk/o/cyte (LOO-kō-sīt)
cell that is white: / / .
307
melan/o/cyte (mĕl-ĂN-ō-sīt)
cell that is black: / / .
308
xanth/o/cyte (ZĂN-thō-sīt)
cell that is yellow: / / .
309
The term leuk/o/cyt/o/penia is formed from the
-penia, leuk/o, cyt/o
310
-penia
decrease or deficiency: .
311
CF that means white: / .
leuk/o
312
CF that means cell: / .
cyt/o
313
leuk/o/cyt/o/penia (loo-kō-sī-tō-PĒ-nē-ă)
abnormal decrease in white blood cells (WBCs), may be caused by an adverse drug reaction, radiation poisoning, or a path/o/logic/al condition.
314
A deficiency in WBC production may be a sign of a path/o/logic/al condition known as
leuk/o/penia or
315
The abbreviation for white blood cell is .
WBC
316
-emia
is used in words to mean blood condition.
317
Xanth/emia,
an occurrence of yellow pigment in the blood, literally means yellow .
318
xanth/omas (zăn-THŌ-măz)
yellow tumors - can be caused by high cholesterol
319
Leuk/emia (loo-KĒ-mē-ă) is a
disease of unrestrained growth of immature WBCs; progressive malignant disease of the blood-forming organs. It is characterized by proliferation and development of immature leuk/o/cytes in blood and bone marrow.
320
Leuk/emia literally means
white blood
321
Leuk/o/cytes are
white blood cells.
322
melan/o/cyte (mĕl-ĂN-ō-sīt)
black cell: / / .
323
melan/oma (mĕl-ă-NŌ-mă)
black tumor: / .
324
melan/oma (mĕl-ă-NŌ-mă) is a disease that
malignant neo/plasm (new growth) that originates in the skin and is composed of melan/o/cytes. The malignancy is attributed to a genetic predisposition and to exposure to ultraviolet light.
325
The lesion of melan/oma is characterized by its
asymmetry, irregular border, and lack of uniform color.
326
Malignant melan/oma is the most
dangerous form of skin cancer because of its tendency to metastasize rapidly. Melanomas often metastasize to the lung(s), liver, bone, and brain.
327
cyan/o/derma (sī-ă-nō-DĔR-mă) or cyan/osis
dark bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin
328
Cyan/osis, also called cyan/o/derma, is caused by a
deficiency of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.
329
cyan/osis (sī-ă-NŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of blue (skin): / .
330
erythr/osis (ĕr-ĭ-THRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of red (skin): / .
331
melan/osis (mĕl-ăn-Ō-sĭs)
abnormal condition of black (pigmentation): / .
332
xanth/osis (zăn-THŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of yellow (skin): / .
333
leuk/o/cyt/osis (loo-kō-sī-TŌ-sĭs)
increase in WBCs:
334
-osis is used in words to mean
abnormal condition. However, when -osis is used in a word related to blood, it means increase. The complete meaning of -osis is abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells).
335
erythr/o/cyt/osis is an
increase in red blood cells
336
melan/oma (mĕl-ă-NŌ-mă)
Sun exposure, especially excessive tanning of the skin, can cause the lethal black tumor called / .
337
The most common skin cancers are
basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
338
carcin/oma (kăr-sĭ-NŌ-mă)
A type of skin cancer that affects the deepest layer of the epidermis is called basal cell carcinoma
339
Basal cell carcin/oma (BCC) is a skin cancer of the
basal cell layer (deepest layer) of the epidermis. Metastasis is rare, but local invasion destroys underlying and adjacent tissue. This condition occurs most commonly on areas of the skin exposed to the sun.
340
in situ
squamous cell carcinoma confined to the original site
341
There are two types of squamous cell carcinoma; those that are
confined to the original site (in situ) and those that penetrate the surrounding tissue (invasive). Treatment includes surgical excision, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, or electrodesiccation and curettage.
342
A carcin/oma that affects the top layer of the epidermis is called
squamous cell carcinoma
343
When a squamous cell carcinoma is confined to the original site, it is known as
squamous cell carcinoma in situ
344
CF sarc/o means
flesh (connective tissue).
345
Kaposi sarc/oma (KĂP-ō-sē săr-KŌ-mă),
a malignant skin tumor commonly associated with patients who are diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is usually fatal. Initially, the tumor appears as a purplish brown lesion.
346
The abbreviation for acquired immune deficiency syndrome is .
AIDS
347
The type of skin cancer associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is / .
Kaposi sarc/oma
348
CF necr/o is used in words to denote
death or necr/osis.
349
Necr/o/tic
pertaining to necr/osis or death
350
Necr/osis (nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs) is used to denote
the death of areas of tissue or bone surrounded by healthy tissue.
351
Cellular necr/osis means that the
cells are dead
352
Bony necr/osis occurs when
dead bone tissue results from the loss of blood supply (e.g., after a fracture). The term that means abnormal condition of death is / .
353
Necr/osis (nĕ-KRŌ-sĭs)
abnormal condition of death
354
gangrene (GĂNG-grēn)
Gangrene is a form of necr/osis associated with loss of blood supply. Before healing can take place, the dead matter must be removed.
355
When there is an injury to blood flow, a form of necr/osis may develop that is known as .
gangrene (GĂNG-grēn)
356
auto/graph is a
signature written by oneself.
357
In medical words, auto- is used as a prefix and means
self, own.
358
Auto/hypnosis is hypnosis of one’s .
self
359
Auto/examination is an examination of one’s .
self
360
An auto/graft is skin transplanted from one’s .
self
361
auto/grafts (AW-tō-grăfts)
A graft is tissue transplanted or implanted in a part of the body to repair a defect. Grafts done with tissue transplanted from the patient’s own skin
362
_______________ black
Correct Answer : melan/o
363
2. ________________ blue
Correct Answer : cyan/o
364
3. ________________ blood condition
Correct Answer : -emia
365
4. ________________ cell
Correct Answer : cyt/o, -cyte
366
5. ________________ decrease, deficiency
Correct Answer : -penia
367
6. ________________ disease
Correct Answer : -pathy
368
7. ________________ discharge, flow
Correct Answer : -rrhea
369
8. ________________ red
Correct Answer : erythr/o
370
9. ________________ self, own
Correct Answer : auto-
371
10. ________________ skin
Correct Answer : -derma
372
11. ________________ tumor
Correct Answer : -oma
373
12. ________________ white
Correct Answer : leuk/o
374
13. ________________ yellow
Correct Answer : xanth/o
375
14. ________________ death, necrosis
Correct Answer : necr/o
376
15. ________________ abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
Correct Answer : -osis
377
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
378
Dx
diagnosis
379
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
380
FH
family history
381
Bx, bx
biopsy
382
I&D
incision and drainage; irrigation and debridement
383
Derm
dermatology
384
PE
physical examination; pulmonary embolism; pressure-equalizing tube
385
abrasion (ă-BRĀ-zhŭn)
Scraping, or rubbing away of a surface, such as skin, by friction; Abrasion may be the result of trauma, such as a skinned knee; therapy, as in dermabrasion of the skin to remove scar tissue; or normal function, such as wearing down of a tooth by mastication.
386
abscess (ĂB-sĕs)
Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically, a staphylococcal infection)
387
furuncle (FŪ-rŭng-kl)
Abscess that originates in a hair follicle; also called boil
388
carbuncle (KĂR-bŭng-kl)
Cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue; Large furuncles with connecting channels to the skin surface form a carbuncle.
389
acne (ĂK-nē)
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by comedos (blackheads), papules, and pustules; Acne is especially common in puberty and adolescence. It usually affects the face, chest, back, and shoulders.
390
alopecia (ăl-ō-PĒ-shē-ă)
Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness
391
cyst (SĬST)
Closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material; The cyst may enlarge as sebum collects and may become infected.
392
sebaceous (sē-BĀ-shŭs) cyst
A cyst filled with sebum (fatty material) from a sebaceous gland
393
eczema (ĔK-zĕ-mă)
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries; Eczematous rash may result from various causes, including allergies, irritating chemicals, drugs, scratching or rubbing of the skin, or sun exposure. It may be acute or chronic
394
hemorrhage (HĔM-ĕ-rĭj)
Loss of a large amount of blood in a short period, externally or internally; Hemorrhage may be arterial, venous, or capillary.
395
hem/o:
blood
396
-rrhage:
bursting forth (of)
397
contusion (kŏn-TOO-zhŭn)
Hemorrhage of any size under the skin in which the skin is not broken; also known as a bruise
398
ecchymosis (ĕk-ĭ-MŌ-sĭs)
Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise (See Figure 3-11.)
399
petechia (pē-TĒ-kē-ă)
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot on the skin
400
hematoma (hēm-ă-TŌ-mă)
Elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usually results from trauma
401
hemat:
blood
402
-oma:
tumor
403
hirsutism (HŬR-sūt-ĭzm)
Condition characterized by excessive growth of hair or presence of hair in unusual places, especially in women; Hirsutism may be caused by hypersecretion of testosterone, or it may be caused by an adrenal neoplasm.
404
impetigo (ĭm-pĕ-TĪ-gō)
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
405
psoriasis (sō-RĪ-ă-sĭs)
Autoimmune disease characterized by itchy red patches covered with silvery scales; Psoriasis seems to be genetically determined and is typically a lifelong condition. Various treatments help control symptoms, including topical treatments (lubricants, retinoids, corticosteroids, and saltwater immersions) and systemic treatments (UV light therapy and excimer light therapy).
406
scabies (SKĀ-bēz)
Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
407
skin lesion (LĒ-zhŭn)
Area of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or a wound caused by external factors or internal disease; Evaluation of skin lesions, injuries, or changes to tissue helps establish the diagnosis of skin disorders. Lesions are described as primary or secondary.
408
primary lesion
Skin lesion caused directly by a disease process; A primary lesion is the initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated.
409
secondary lesion
Skin lesion that evolves from a primary lesion or that is caused by external forces, such as infection, scratching, trauma, or the healing process
410
tinea (TĬN-ē-ă)
Fungal infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm; Examples of tinea include tinea barbae (beard), tinea corporis (body), tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea versicolor (skin), and tinea cruris (jock itch).
411
ulcer (ŬL-sĕr)
Lesion of the skin or mucous membranes marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues; Ulcers may be the result of trauma, caustic chemicals, intense heat or cold, arterial or venous stasis, cancers, drugs, and infectious agents.; Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure, usually in a person who is bedridden; also known as decubitus ulcer or bedsore
412
pressure ulcer
Pressure ulcers are most commonly found in skin overlying a bony projection, such as the hip, ankle, heel, shoulder, and elbow.
413
urticaria (ŭr-tĭ-KĀ-rē-ă)
Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy; also called wheals or hives
414
verruca (vĕ-ROO-kă)
Rounded epidermal growths caused by a virus; also called wart; Types of warts include plantar warts, juvenile warts, and venereal warts. Warts may be removed by cryosurgery, electrocautery, or acids; however, they may regrow if the virus remains in the skin.
415
vitiligo (vĭt-ĭl-Ĭ-gŏ)
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; also called leukoderma (See Figure 3-16.)
416
biopsy (Bx, bx) (BĪ-ŏp-sē)
Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or follow the course of a disease; Types of biopsy include aspiration biopsy, needle biopsy, punch biopsy, shave biopsy, and frozen-section biopsy.
417
skin test
Method for determining induced sensitivity (allergy) by applying or inoculating a suspected allergen or sensitizer into the skin and determining sensitivity (allergy) to the specific antigen by an inflammatory skin reaction to it; The most commonly used skin tests are the intradermal, patch, and scratch tests.
418
cryosurgery (krī-ō-SĔR-jĕr-ē)
Use of subfreezing temperature, commonly with liquid nitrogen, to destroy abnormal tissue cells, such as unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
419
débridement (dā-brēd-MŎN or dĭ-BRĒD-mĕnt)
Treatment that involves removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound, and is used to promote healing and prevent infection
420
excimer laser (ĔK-sŭh-mĕr)
Aims a high-intensity ultraviolet B (UVB) light dose of a very specific wavelength, and a handheld wand allows the energy to be delivered precisely to the affected areas without harming healthy skin around them; also called exciplex laser; Because the laser light never touches the surrounding skin, it reduces the risk of UV radiation exposure. Excimer lasers help treat mild to moderate psoriasis and require fewer and less vigorous treatments than other light therapies.
421
fulguration (fŭl-gū-RĀ-shŭn)
Tissue destruction by means of a high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesiccation; Fulguration helps remove tumors and lesions within and on the body.
422
incision and drainage (I&D)
Surgical procedure to release pus or pressure built up under the skin, such as in an abscess, and remove its contents
423
Mohs surgery (MŌZ)
Procedure in which layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains; also called micrographic surgery.
424
skin graft
Surgical procedure to transplant healthy tissue to an injured site; Human, animal, or artificial skin provides a temporary covering or permanent layer of skin over a wound or burn.
425
allograft (ĂL-ō-grăft)
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called homograft; In an allograft, the skin donor is usually a cadaver. This type of skin graft is temporary and used to protect the patient against infection and fluid loss. The allograft is frozen and stored in a skin bank until needed.
426
allo-:
other, differing from the normal
427
-graft
: transplantation
428
autograft (AW-tō-grăft)
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
429
auto-:
self, own
430
synthetic (sĭn-THĔT-ĭk)
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern; With a synthetic skin graft, the recipient’s body does not reject the synthetic skin (produced artificially), and healing skin grows into it as the graft gradually disintegrates.
431
xenograft (ZĔN-ō-grăft)
Transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft; A xenograft is used as a temporary graft to protect the patient against infection and fluid loss.
432
xen/o:
foreign, strange
433
skin resurfacing
Repair of damaged skin, acne scars, fine or deep wrinkles, or tattoos or improvement of skin tone irregularities by using topical chemicals, abrasion, or laser; In cosmetic surgery, skin resurfacing may involve dermabrasion, chemical peels, cutaneous lasers, and other techniques.
434
chemical peel
Use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses, as well as cosmetic purposes to remove fine wrinkles on the face; also called chemabrasion
435
cutaneous laser (kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs)
Any of several laser treatments employed for cosmetic and plastic surgery; Cutaneous laser includes treatment of pigmented lesions, wrinkles, vascular malformations, and other cosmetic skin surface irregularities.
436
cutane:
skin
437
-ous:
pertaining to
438
dermabrasion (DĔRM-ă-brā-zhŭn)
Removal of acne scars, nevi, tattoos, or fine wrinkles on the skin through the use of sandpaper, wire brushes, or other abrasive materials on the epidermal layer
439
antibiotics (ăn-tĭ-bī-ŎT-ĭks)
Kill bacteria that cause skin infections
440
antifungals (ăn-tĭ-FŬNG-găls)
Kill fungi that infect the skin
441
antipruritics (ăn-tĭ-proo-RĬT-ĭks)
Reduce severe itching
442
corticosteroids (kor-tĭ-kō-STĒR-oyds)
Treat skin inflammation through anti-inflammatory action
443
adip/oma
Correct Answer : tumor containing fat
444
1. anhidrosis (an/hidr/osis)
Correct Answer : abnormal condition of being without sweat
445
2. dermatoplasty (dermat/o/plasty)
Correct Answer : surgical repair of skin
446
3. subcutaneous (sub/cutane/ous)
Correct Answer : pertaining to “under the skin”
447
4. onychomalacia (onych/o/malacia)
Correct Answer : softening of a nail
448
5. lipectomy (lip/ectomy)
Correct Answer : excision of fat
449
6. ______________ cell composed of fat
lipocyte
450
7. ______________ black tumor
melanoma
451
8. ______________ any disease of hair
trichopathy
452
9. ______________ covered with scales; scalelike
squamous
453
10. ______________ dry skin
xeroderma
454
11. ______________ black cell
melanocyte
455
12. ______________ profuse sweating
diaphoresis
456
13. ______________ hernia containing fatty tissue
lipocele
457
14. ______________ cancerous tumor
carcinoma
458
15. ______________ deficiency in white blood cell production
leukocytopenia
459
1. ________________ is a rounded epidermal growth caused by a virus.
verruca
460
2. ________________ is localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by the appearance of milk-white patches.
vitiligo
461
3. ________________ is a fungal skin disease, commonly called ringworm, whose name indicates the body part affected.
tinea
462
4. ________________ is an abscess that originates in a hair follicle and is also called a boil.
furuncle
463
5. ________________ is a general term for an itchy red rash that may become crusted, thickened, or scaly.
eczema
464
6. ________________ is an allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy and is also called hives.
urticaria
465
7. ________________ refers to excision of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination.
corticosteroids
466
8. ________________ refers to use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper to remove superficial scars on the skin.
dermabrasion
467
9. ________________ refers to the procedure in which diseased tissue is destroyed by a high-frequency electric current.
fulguration
468
10. ________________ refers to the use of liquid nitrogen to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue cells.
cryosurgery
469
11. ________________ refers to removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound.
débridement
470
12. ________________ is a contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite.
scabies
471
13. ________________ is the absence or loss of hair, especially of the head, and is also called baldness.
alopecia
472
14. ________________ is a blackhead.
comedo
473
15. ________________ is a minute, hemorrhagic spot on the skin that is a smaller version of ecchymosis.
petechia
474
Which are the pirmary lesionsn Exs:
flat lesions; macules - freckles, flat mole or rash in rubella
475
macule
primary lesion - flat pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
476
which are the elevated lesions, what are two types; Ex's
solid and fluid filled; papule; nodule, tumor, wheal - solid lesions; vesicle, pustule, bulla - fluid filled lesions
477
papule; Ex's
solide elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter, may be same color a skin or hair; nevus, wart, pimple, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema
478
Nodule, Ex's
palpable, cirumscribed lesion, larger and deeper than papule, extends into dermal skin; intradermal nevus, benign or malignant tumor
479
Tumor, Exs
solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm and extends into dermal and subcutaneous layers; lipoma, steatoma
480
Wheal, Ex's
elevated, firm, round with localized swelling, varies in size/shape/color; paler in center than at edges, accompanied by itching; hives, insect bites, urticaria
481
Vesicle, Ex's
elevated, circumscribed, less than 0.5 cm; poison ivy, shingles, chickenpox
482
Pustule, Ex
small, raised, circumscribed, contains puss, less than 1cm; acne, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, scabies
483
Bulla, Ex's
vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm; second degree burns, severe poison oak, poison ivy
484
which are the secondary lesions
excoriations, fissure, ulcer
485
excoriations
linear stretch marks or traumatized abrasions of epidermis; sratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns
486
fissure
small slit of cracklike sore that extends into dermal layer; could be caused by continous inflammation and drying
487
ulcer (ŬL-sĕr)
open sore or lesion that extends into dermis; usually heals with scarring; pressure sores, basal cell carcinoma
488
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
fat
489
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
490
cyt/o
cell
491
cyan/o
blue
492
erythr/o, erythemat/o
red
493
hidr/o, sudor/o
sweat
494
hydr/o
water
495
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
496
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea
497
leuk/o
white
498
melan/o
black
499
myc/o
fungus
500
necr/o
death, necrosis
