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MAT 101 > Chapter 1 - 3 from Presentations > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - 3 from Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

1.gastr/itis:

A

1.inflammation of the stomach

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2
Q

2.oste/o/arthr/itis:

A

2.inflammation of the bone and joint

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3
Q

3.poly/neur/itis:

A

3.inflammation of many nerves

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4
Q

4.append/ectomy:

A

4.excision of the appendix

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5
Q

5.gastr/ectomy:

A

5.excision of the stomach (either complete or partial)

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6
Q

mast/ectomy:

A

6.excision of a breast

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7
Q

Determine which of the three rules for building medical words applies to the following terms. arthr/it is

A

1.Rule 1: A root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.

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8
Q

Determine which of the three rules for building medical words applies to the following terms. gastr/o/intestin/al

A

2.Rule 3: A C F links a root to another root to form a compound word; a root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.

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9
Q

Determine which of the three rules for building medical words applies to the following terms. hepat/o/cyte

A

3.Rule 2: A C F links a suffix that begins with a consonant.

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10
Q

1.-itis:

A

1.inflammation

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11
Q

2.-ectomy:

A

2.excision, removal

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12
Q

3.-megaly:

A

3.enlargement

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13
Q

4.-scopy:

A

4.visual examination

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14
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the stomach:

A

5.gastr/itis

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15
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the  liver:

A

6.hepat/itis

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16
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the  pancreas:

A

7.pancreat/itis

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17
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the appendix:

A

8.appendic/itis

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18
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the spleen:

A

9.splen/itis

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19
Q

§Use –itis to build medical words that mean inflammation of the gallbladder:

A

cholecyst/itis

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20
Q

Define the surgical procedure called arthr/o/centesis:

A

§surgical puncture of a joint

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21
Q

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures:

A

§arthr/o/desis

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22
Q

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures:

A

§thromb/o/lysis

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23
Q

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures:

A

§mast/o/pexy

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24
Q

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures:

A

§trache/o/stomy

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25
Q

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures:

A

trache/o/tomy

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26
Q

Define the surgical procedure called trache/o/stomy:

A

forming an opening (mouth) into the trachea

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27
Q

1.excision, removal:

A

1.-ectomy

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28
Q

2.surgical puncture:

A

2.-centesis

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29
Q

3.crushing:

A

3.-tripsy

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30
Q

4.separation; destruction; loosening:

A

-lysis

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31
Q
  1. incision:
A

5.-tomy

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32
Q
  1. fixation (of an organ):
A

6.-pexy

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33
Q
  1. suture:
A

7.-rrhaphy

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34
Q

surgical repair:

A

-plasty

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35
Q

9.forming an opening (mouth):

A

9.-stomy

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36
Q
  1. binding, fixation (of a bone or joint):
A
  1. -desis
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37
Q
  1. instrument to cut:
A

-tome

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38
Q

1.instrument for examining:

A

1.-scope

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39
Q

2.visual examination:

A

2.-scopy

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40
Q

3.instrument for recording:

A

3.-graph

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41
Q

4.process of recording:

A

-graphy

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42
Q

5.instrument for measuring:

A

5.-meter

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43
Q

6.act of measuring:

A

6.-metry

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44
Q

7.record, writing:

A

-gram

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45
Q

1.pain:

A

1.-algia, -dynia

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46
Q

2.formation, growth:

A

2.-plasia, -plasm

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47
Q

3.forming, producing, origin:

A

3.-gen, -genesis

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48
Q

4.bursting forth (of):

A

4.-rrhage, -rrhagia

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49
Q

5.swelling:

A

5.-edema

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50
Q

6.hernia, swelling:

A

6.-cele

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51
Q

7.stone, calculus:

A

7.-lith

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52
Q

8.abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells):

A

-osis

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53
Q

9.involuntary contraction, twitching:

A
  1. -spasm
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54
Q
  1. narrowing, stricture:
A
  1. -stenosis
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55
Q
  1. discharge, flow:
A
  1. -rrhea
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56
Q
  1. disease:
A

-pathy

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57
Q
  1. inflammation:
A

13.-itis

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58
Q
  1. tumor:
A
  1. -oma
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59
Q
  1. rupture:
A
  1. -rrhexis
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60
Q

paralysis:

A
  1. -plegia
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61
Q

17.dilation, expansion:

A

17.-ectasis

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62
Q
  1. vomiting:
A
  1. -emesis
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63
Q
  1. blood condition:
A
  1. -emia
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64
Q

20.abnormal condition (produced by something specified):

A

-iasis

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65
Q

1.Adjective suffixes -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ile, and -ous mean:

A

1.pertaining to

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66
Q

2.Noun suffixes -esis, -ia, and -ism mean:

A

2.condition

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67
Q

3.Noun suffixes -ician and -ist mean:

A

3.specialist

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68
Q

4.Noun suffix -iatry means:

A

4.medicine; treatment

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69
Q

1.thrombi - change to singular

A

1.thrombus:

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70
Q

2.ova - change to singular

A

2.ovum:

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71
Q

3.fungi - change to singular

A

3.fungus:

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72
Q

diagnoses - change to singular

A

diagnosis:

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73
Q

1.dipl-, diplo-:

A

1.double

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74
Q

2.macro-:

A

2.large

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75
Q

3.homo-, homeo-:

A

3.same

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76
Q

4.mono-, uni-:

A

one

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77
Q

5.micro:

A

5.small

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78
Q

6.circum-:

A

6.peri-, around

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79
Q

7.a-, an-:

A

7.without, not

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80
Q

super-:

A

upper, above

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81
Q

9.post:

A
  1. after, behind
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82
Q
  1. pre-, pro-:
A
  1. before, in front
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83
Q
  1. primi-:
A
  1. first
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84
Q

dia-, trans-:

A

through, across

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85
Q

Organizational Levels

A

cell; tissue; organ; system; organism

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86
Q

§Cellular level

A

•Smallest structural and functional unit of the body.

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87
Q

Directional Terms

A

§Anterior/Posterior §Inferior/Superior §Proximal/Distal §Cephalad/Caudad §Ventral/Dorsal Lateral/Medial

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88
Q

Three major planes of reference:

A

§Median (midsagittal) §Frontal (coronal) §Horizontal (transverse)

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89
Q

Body Cavities

A

Protect, separate, and support internal organs

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90
Q

Body Cavities 2 main

A

Dorsal ( posterior) and ventral (anterior)

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91
Q

•Dorsal (posterior) contains what 2 cavities

A

cranial and spinal

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92
Q

Ventral (anterior) contains what 3 cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

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93
Q

Quadrants

A

locate specific sites of abdominal organs

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94
Q

4 Quadrants

A

RUQ; LUQ; RLQ; LLQ

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95
Q

RUQ

A

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT

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96
Q

LUQ

A

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

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97
Q

RLQ

A

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT

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98
Q

LLQ

A

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT

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99
Q

Nine Regions

A

Used to locate organs, origin of pain, and pathologies

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100
Q

Nine Regions -LIST

A

•Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right inguinal Hypogastric Left inguinal

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101
Q

Abdominal pelvic regions. Used clinically to

A

cite or locate organs or abnormalities within the regions.

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102
Q

1.Define and describe the smallest living structures in the human body.

A

1.The smallest living structures of the human body are cells. Every tissue or organ is composed of cells.

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103
Q

2.Multiple organs working together form the (tissue, system, organism) level of functioning.

A

2.system

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104
Q

3.The liver is located in the abdominopelvic region known as the (right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right inguinal) region.

A

3.right hypochondriac

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105
Q

4.The body is divided into an upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portion by the (median, frontal, horizontal) plane.

A

4.horizontal

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106
Q

•side, to one side:

A

•later/al

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107
Q

•back (of body):

A

•dors/al or poster/ior

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108
Q

•belly, belly side:

A

•ventr/al

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109
Q

lying horizontally on the back, face up:

A

supine

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110
Q

R U Q:

A

right upper quadrant

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111
Q

L U Q:

A

left upper quadrant

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112
Q

R L Q:

A

right lower quadrant

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113
Q

L L Q:

A

left lower quadrant

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114
Q

1.chondr/o:

A

1.cartilage

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115
Q

2.cyt/o:

A

2.cell

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116
Q

3.hist/o:

A

3.tissue

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117
Q

nucle/o:

A

nucleus

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118
Q

5.super/o:

A

5.upper, above

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119
Q

6.infer/o:

A

6.lower, below

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120
Q

7.later/o:

A

7.side, to one side

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121
Q

anter/o:

A

8.anterior, front

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122
Q

9.poster/o:

A

9.back (of body), behind, posterior

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123
Q

10.medi/o:

A

10.middle

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124
Q

11.ventr/o:

A

11.belly, belly side

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125
Q

12.caud/o:

A

tail

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126
Q

13.cephal/o:

A

13.head

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127
Q

14.cervic/o:

A

14.neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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128
Q

15.gastr/o:

A

15.stomach

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129
Q

thorac/o:

A

chest

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130
Q

17.around the umbilicus (navel):

A

17.umbilic/al

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131
Q

18.above the stomach:

A

18.epigastr/ic

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132
Q

19.beneath the umbilicus:

A

19.hypo/gastr/ic

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133
Q

20.on left lower side near the groin (ileus):

A

20.left inguin/al

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134
Q

on right middle side near the waist:

A

right lumb/ar

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135
Q

22.instrument to measure cells:

A

22.cyt/o/meter

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136
Q

23.toward the middle:

A

23.medi/ad

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137
Q

24.separation, destruction, or loosening of tissue:

A

24.hist/o/lysis

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138
Q

25.pertaining to the chest:

A

thorac/ic

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139
Q

26.pertaining to the neck:

A

26.cervic/al

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140
Q

27.pertaining to the area around the umbilicus:

A

27.peri/umbilic/al

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141
Q

28.instrument to measure the cranium (skull):

A

28.crani/o/meter

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142
Q

29.tumor composed of cartilage:

A

29.chondr/oma

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143
Q

30.inflammation of the stomach:

A

gastr/itis

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144
Q

1.adhesion:

A

1.band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

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145
Q

2.anastomosis:

A

2.connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts or vessels to allow flow from one to the other

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146
Q

cauterization:

A

3.process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)

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147
Q

4.inflammation:

A

4.protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

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148
Q

5.sepsis:

A

5.body’s inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates, and low blood pressure

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149
Q

ultrasonography:

A

6.imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound (ultrasound) waves that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

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150
Q

Endoscopy

A

§Visual examination of an organ or cavity with an endoscope.

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151
Q

Endoscopy Instrument and procedure name from

A

organ or cavity examined.

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152
Q

Endoscopy Used for

A

biopsy, coagulation, and fluid aspiration.

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153
Q

Gastroscopy.

A

Visual examination of stomach with a fiberoptic scope passed through the mouth to the stomach and upper digestive tract.

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154
Q

Radiography (x-ray)

A

§Ionizing radiation waves (x-rays) pass through the body onto a photographic film to produce an image of internal structures.

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155
Q

Radiopaque dye may be required for

A

radiography of soft tissue.

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156
Q

Chest x-ray of mediastinum indicating enlargement in suspected lymphoma

A

INSERT IMAGE

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157
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (M R I)

A

§Radiographic procedure that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body. §Exceptional detail of soft tissues.

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158
Q

M R I scan of midsagittal section of head, showing extreme clarity of soft tissue.

A

INSERT IMAGE

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159
Q

Ultrasonography (U S)

A

§Ultra-high-frequency sound waves emitted by a transducer or probe to produce an image of a body structure on a computer screen.

160
Q

Basic components of a U S device

A

INSERT IMAGE

161
Q

Handheld U S transducer emits sound waves as it is moved back and forth over the organ or structure examined

A

Ultrasonography

162
Q

•Optimized sound transmission from using gel placed on the skin.

A

Ultrasonography

163
Q

•Possible to place U S probes inside a body cavity.

A

Ultrasonography

164
Q

Ultrasound of urinary bladder to determine volume of urine contained in the bladder.

A

INSERT IMAGE

165
Q

Computed tomography (C T)

A

•Narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient. §Acquires multiple views of the body, which are interpreted by a computer.

166
Q

C T scan with motorized table (A) and computer (B).

A

INSERT IMAGE

167
Q

Positron emission tomography (P E T)

A

§Radioactive chemical (tracer) is introduced into the body. §Tracer accumulates in the most rapidly metabolizing tissues.

168
Q

P E T scan of brain in transverse section (frontal lobes top).

A

INSERT IMAGE

169
Q

§Positively charged particles (positrons) emitted in a body region and detected by a device called a gamma camera to produce an image.

170
Q

§Identification of areas of higher and decreased metabolic activity.

171
Q

Areas of increased metabolism possibly indicating

172
Q

Areas of decreased metabolism possibly indicating

A

Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, or epilepsy.

173
Q

1.visual examination within (an organ): /scopy

A

1.endo/scopy

174
Q

2.process of recording (images using frequencies) beyond sound: ultra/ /o/graphy

A

2.ultra/son/o/graphy

175
Q

3.instrument for examining the stomach: gastr/ /scope

A

3.gastr/o/scope

176
Q

4.instrument to examine within (the body): endo/

A

4.endo/scope

177
Q

5.process of recording cuts (slices of organs or tissues): tom/o/

A

5.tom/o/graphy

178
Q

6.specialist in the study of cells: / /logist

A

6.cyt/o/logist

179
Q

7.study of blood: hemat/o/

A

7.hemat/o/logy

180
Q

8.instrument for measuring heat: ___/o/____

A

8.therm/o/meter

181
Q

9.specialist in the study of x-rays: radi/o/____

A

9.radi/o/logist

182
Q
  1. study of stomach disorders: /o/_____
A

10.gastr/o/logy

183
Q

Anastomosis

A

§Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other.

184
Q

Cauterization

A

§Process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate). §Usually performed to destroy damaged or diseased tissues or coagulate blood vessels.

185
Q

1.Mr. R. is scheduled for removal of a wart on his elbow. The doctor explains that he will numb the elbow and then freeze the wart, which will then scab and fall off. The doctor records the procedure in the medical record as (cauterization, dissection, suturing).

A

1.cauterization

186
Q

Mr. R.’s saphenous vein is excised and used to bypass an occlusion in one of his heart vessels. Surgery that joins two vessels to allow the free flow of blood between them is called

A

2.anastomosis

187
Q

Epidermis

A

§Stratum corneum §Basal layer

188
Q

Dermis (corium)

A

§Subcutaneous tissue •Binds dermis to underlying structures.

189
Q

Accessory organs

A

§Sebaceous (oil) glands §Sudoriferous (sweat) glands §Hair Nails

190
Q

Function OF EPIDERMIS

A

§Covers and protects the body from pathogens and other harmful substances.

191
Q

§Sweat and oil glands produce

A

secretions.

192
Q

§Contains an intricate network of sensory receptors.

193
Q

§Regulates body temperature, pain, and pressure.

194
Q

§Synthesizes vitamin D.

195
Q

§Melanocytes produced in basal layer give

A

color to the skin.

196
Q

1.What does the term integument mean?

A

1.​Integument refers to the skin.

197
Q

2.What are the accessory structures of the skin?

A

2.Hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil)

198
Q

3.What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer of tissue?

A

3.Binds the dermis to underlying structures; stores fat, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature.

199
Q

4.In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from the damaging effects of the sun?

A

4.Melanocytes, which produce melanin

200
Q

5.Which accessory organs produce oil?

A

5.Sebaceous glands

201
Q

6.List the sensations provided by the skin.

A

6.The skin provides nerve endings that sense heat, cold, pressure, and touch.

202
Q

1.cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o:

203
Q

2.adip/o, lip/o, steat/o:

204
Q

3.hidr/o, sudor/o:

205
Q

ichthy/o:

A

dry, scaly

206
Q

5.cyan/o:

207
Q

6.melan/o:

208
Q

7.kerat/o:

A

7.horny tissue; hard; cornea

209
Q

myc/o:

A

8.fungus (plural, fungi)

210
Q

9.onych/o:

211
Q
  1. pil/o, trich/o:
212
Q
  1. scler/o:
A
  1. hardening; sclera (white of eye)
213
Q

seb/o:

A
  1. sebum, sebaceous
214
Q
  1. squam/o:
215
Q
  1. leuk/o:
216
Q
  1. erythr/o:
217
Q

1.-derma:

218
Q

2.-oid:

A

2.resembling

219
Q

3.-phoresis:

A

3.carrying, transmission

220
Q

-plasty:

A

surgical repair

221
Q

1.softening of the nail(s): onych/o/

A

1.onych/o/malacia

222
Q

2.treatment with cold:

A

2.cry/o/therapy

223
Q

3.discharge or flow of sebum:

A

3.seb/o/rrhea

224
Q

4.pertaining to under the skin: sub/

A

sub/cutane/ous

225
Q

5.abnormal condition of blue (skin):

A

5.cyan/osis

226
Q

6.condition of sweat: suder/

A

6.sudor/esis

227
Q

7.softening of a nail:

A

7.onych/o/malacia

228
Q

8.white cell:

A

8.leuk/o/cyte

229
Q
  1. black cell:
A
  1. melan/o/cyte
230
Q
  1. skin that is dry:
A
  1. xer/o/derma
231
Q
  1. transplant from same (species):
A

homo/graft or allo/graft

232
Q

12.tumor (composed of) cancer:

A

12.carcin/oma

233
Q
  1. skin (condition associated) with pus:
A
  1. py/o/derma
234
Q
  1. discharge or flow of sebum:
A
  1. seb/o/rrhea
235
Q
  1. treatment with cold:
A

cry/o/therapy

236
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

§Locally invasive tumor, but rarely metastasizes. §Tumors grow slowly, but commonly ulcerate. §Predominant in fair-skinned men older than 60 years of age.

237
Q

§Malignancy of basal layer is commonly caused by

A

repeated overexposure to the sun.

238
Q

Basal cell carcinoma with pearly, flesh-colored papule with depressed center and rolled edge.

A

INSERT IMAGE

239
Q

Common sites of basal cell carcinoma

A

INSERT IMAGE

240
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma TREATMENT

A

§Size, shape, location, and invasiveness of the carcinoma determine the type of treatment. §Curettage and electrodessication §Cryotherapy and laser therapy §Chemotherapeutic drugs §Surgical excision (used in 90% of the cases) §Irradiation or chemosurgery

241
Q

1.Mr. T. is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will not spread but will remain localized. Eventually, it will destroy underlying and adjacent tissues. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called

A

1.metastasis

242
Q

2.A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma caused by overexposure to the sun. He is informed that the most common site of this skin cancer is the

243
Q

3.After close examination of a growth on Ann’s arm, she is informed that it is noncancerous. The dermatologist charts the noncancerous growth as (benign, cancerous, malignant).

244
Q

4.Mr. J., who is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma, asks the nurse to explain this type of cancer. How should the nurse respond?

A

4.She explains that it is a malignancy of the basal layer of the skin and is commonly caused by repeated overexposure to the sun.

245
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

§Irregularly pigmented papules with brown, red, white, and blue areas. §Borders of lesions are irregular and there may be notches. §Older lesions ulcerate and form modules.

246
Q

Malignant melanoma.

A

INSERT IMAGE

247
Q

Malignant Melanoma TREATMENT

A

Excisional biopsy.
Prognosis is directly related to the thickness of lesions, determined microscopically.
Lesions less than 1 millimeters thick should be removed, with a 1-centimeter margin.

248
Q

1.Katie has an appointment for her yearly skin cancer check. Upon examination, a small, dark, multicolored, asymmetrical lesion with an irregular border is found on the upper back. The doctor suspects this to be a lethal black tumor, known as a _______________.

A

1.melanoma

249
Q

2.Melan/oma is a (benign, malignant) neoplasm that originates in the skin.

A

2.malignant

250
Q

3.Melan/oma is composed of cells called _______________.

A

melan/o/cytes

251
Q

4.The doctor explains to Katie that the lesion must be removed and examined microscopically to confirm his diagnosis. He writes an order for the surgical removal of the lesion as an excisional _____________.

252
Q

Abscess

A

§Localized collection of pus at infection site (characteristically, a staphylococcal infection). §Affected portion of skin may be extremely tender, painful, and swollen. §Abscess may enlarge, soften, and open, discharging pus and necrotic material. §Erythema and edema may persist at the site for days or weeks. §Mild fever may accompany this condition.

253
Q

A furuncle, or boil

A

§, is an abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue.

254
Q

Dome-shaped abscess that formed a furuncle in hair follicles of the neck.

A

INSERT IMAGE

255
Q

§A carbuncle is a

A

cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue.

256
Q

Abscess TREATMENT

A

§Cleaning of infected area thoroughly with soap and water. §Application of hot, wet compresses to promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions. §Administration of topical antibiotics. §Incision and drainage (I&D) may be necessary after lesion has matured.

257
Q

1.Mrs. K. presents with redness and edema on the neck. The term to describe reddening of the skin is

A

1.erythema or erythamatous

258
Q

2.Upon diagnosis of a furuncle, the nurse explains that this is an infection caused by a/an (bacterium, injury, virus).

A

2.bacterium

259
Q

3.The physician charts a cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue as a

A

3.carbuncle

260
Q

4.Sue is diagnosed with an abscess on her knee. She asks the nurse to explain this condition.

A

4.The nurse explains that it is a localized collection of pus at the infection site, characteristically caused by the bacterium known as Staphylococcus.

261
Q

Psoriasis

A

§Inflammatory chronic skin condition marked by thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes, and covered with silvery scales. Affected areas typically appear dry, cracked, and encrusted. Common sites include scalp, outer sides of arms and legs, especially the elbows and knees. Caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis.

262
Q

Psoriasis

A

INSERT IMAGE

263
Q

§Pruritus is a common complaint OF

264
Q

Psoriasis TREATMENT

A

§Goal is to reduce inflammation and slow rapid growth of skin cells that cause this condition. §Topical application of various medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, and corticosteroid drugs; and keeping the skin moist and lubricated.

265
Q

PSORIASIS TREATMENT WITH Photochemotherapy with exposure to ultraviolet-A light (P U V A) to slow

A

hyperkeratosis.

266
Q

PSORIASIS TREATMENT WITH Ultraviolet-B (U V B) light therapy or natural sunlight to

A

retard cell production

267
Q

PSORIASIS TREATMENT WITH Excimer laser

A

a more powerful form of U V B light therapy, is directed to the plaques to control scaling and inflammation.

268
Q

1.Joan is diagnosed with psoriasis. The physician explains that the most common sites of psoriasis are the

A

1.scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia

269
Q

2.Mr. M. presents for treatment of psoriasis with ultraviolet (U V) light therapy. The doctor explains that U V light therapy retards cell production and slows hornygrowths on the skin. Overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis is a condition called (keratoid, keratolysis, hyperkeratosis).

A

hyperkeratosis

270
Q

3.Mr. G. is prescribed topical application of a corticosteroid drug for his psoriasis. The physician explains that the goal of this treatment is to keep the skin (dry, sterile, lubricated).

A

3.lubricated

271
Q

4.Ms. L. is scheduled for excimer laser therapy to control her psoriasis; she asks the doctor to explain the procedure.

A

4.The physician explains that this is a more powerful form of U V B light therapy, directed to the plaques to control scaling and inflammation.

272
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

§Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. §Marked by appearance of papules, pustules, and comedones. §More common in adolescents and young adults between ages 12 and 35 years.

273
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

INSERT IMAGE

274
Q

Acne Vulgaris Occurs most often ON

A

§the face, but can also occur on the neck, shoulders, chest, and back.

275
Q

Acne Vulgaris Occurs most COMMONLY CAUSED BY

A

hormonal changes during puberty, but can appear at any age. Underlying cause is genetic predisposition.

276
Q

Acne Vulgaris POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

A

including stress and external irritants, such as soaps and cosmetics.

277
Q

Acne Vulgaris TREATMENT

A

§Goals are to reduce bacterial count, decrease sebaceous gland activity, and prevent inflammation of the follicle.; §Antibacterial solution applied to the skin, orally administered antibiotics, or both. Topical application of medications chemically related to vitamin A (Retin-A) reduces natural oils and promotes drying and peeling of acne lesions.
Skin kept as clean and dry as possible.

278
Q

1.John, an adolescent, suffers from a chronic inflammatory skin disorder on his face and chest. The patient has been squeezing the blackheads and whiteheads, and those areas on his face are inflamed. The medical term for blackheads and whiteheads is

A

1.comedones

279
Q

2.Elisa has been diagnosed with an inflammatory skin disease known as acne vulgaris. To decrease sebaceous gland activity and prevent the follicle from becoming inflamed, the physician prescribes an (antibacterial, antibromic, antifungal) solution to apply to the skin.

A

2.antibacterial

280
Q

3.During physical assessment the dermatologist observes multiple small, raised lesions containing pus on the upper back of Mr. J. The doctor documents these skin lesions as

A

3.pustules

281
Q

Scabies

A

§Contagious parasitic skin infection that is the result of infestation by the itch mite. §Produces intense pruritus and a sensation of something crawling on the skin. §Most common symptom is a rash. Lesions are usually excoriated and may appear threadlike.
Commonly appear between the fingers, on wrists, on elbows, in the axilla, at the waist, and on nipples, buttocks, and genitalia.

282
Q

Scabies with rash surrounding the abdominal area.

A

INSERT IMAGE

283
Q

Scabies Transmission occurs through

A

the skin or intimate contact.

284
Q

Scabies TREATMENT

A

§Topical scabicide (cream or lotion) for chemical disinfection. •Usually applied in a thin layer to the entire body from neck to feet (including genitals, umbilicus, and skinfold areas), left on overnight, and washed off in the morning. •Usually curative in one or two applications, depending on the agent prescribed. §Antipruritics and oral antihistamines to reduce itching.

285
Q

1.A 16-year-old girl visited her grandparents at their farm last month and petted many of the animals. Now she complains of itching and a rash between her fingers and wrist folds. The physician examines her rash and prescribes a topical disinfectant cream to destroy the parasite known as “itch mite.” He charts her skin disease as (eczema, keloids, scabies).

286
Q

2.Ms. M. is diagnosed with scabies. She is using the prescribed topical disinfectant cream but continues to complain of itching. The medical term that means itching is

A

2.pruritus

287
Q

Verruca

A

§Irregular, rough skin lesions caused by human papillomarivirus. §Lesions may be linear or in groups. §Usually appear on the hand, fingers, or sole of the foot (plantar wart).

288
Q

Verruca

A

INSERT IMAGE

289
Q

Verruca TREATMENT

A

§Topical keratolytic drug to break down the keratin in the wart. §In feet, 40% salicylic acid plasters under occlusion. Cryosurgery or electrosurgery, if needed.

290
Q

1.Margo presents with complaints of irregular, rough skin lesions located on the sole of her foot. The doctor charts the findings as ____________ ____________.

A

1.plantar warts

291
Q

2.The doctor explains to Margo the cause of the lesions to be a virus known as ____________ ____________.

A

2.human papillomavirus

292
Q

Impetigo

A

§Common contagious, superficial skin infection. §Manifests with early vesicular or pustular lesions that rupture and form thick yellow crusts.

293
Q

Impetigo

A

INSERT IMAGE

294
Q

Impetigo LESIONS USUALLY DEVELOP ON

A

§the legs and are found less often on the face, trunk, and arms. §Small vesicles are surrounded by a circle of reddened skin and usually are accompanied by pruritus. §Ulcerations with erythema and scarring also may result from scratching or abrading the skin.

295
Q

Impetigo TREATMENT

A

§Systemic use of antibiotics. §Thorough cleansing of the lesions two to three times daily. §Good hygiene to prevent skin-to-skin or person-to-person spread. §Avoiding infected individuals is essential.

296
Q

1.Carl is diagnosed with a bacterial, inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions that form a yellow crust. The physician advises him to cleanse the lesion 3x/day and prescribes a topical antibiotic to treat this contagious skin infection, known as (furuncle, impetigo, psoriasis).

A

1.impetigo

297
Q

2.The pustules that occur in the early stages of impetigo are skin lesions known as (macules, papules, nodules).

298
Q

1.alopecia:

A

1.absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness

299
Q

débridement:

A

2.removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection

300
Q

3.ecchymosis:

A

3.skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors ranging from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; also known as a bruise

301
Q

4.hematoma:

A

4.elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin, usually resulting from trauma

302
Q

5.urticaria:

A

5.allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red elevated patches that are itchy; also called wheals or hives

303
Q

6.vitiligo:

A

6.localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; also called leukoderma

304
Q

Allergy skin test

A

Suspected allergen is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it

305
Q

§Intradermal test identifies

A

suspected allergens by subcutaneous injection of small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction.

306
Q

Scratch (prick) skin test

A

§Identification of suspected allergens via placement of a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin.

307
Q

Scratch (prick) skin test kit for allergy testing.

A

INSERT IMAGE

308
Q

Allergy skin test. Intradermal allergy test reactions.

A

INSERT IMAGE

309
Q

Biopsy

A

§Excision of a piece of tissue from a body site for microscopic examination. §Any lesion suspected of malignancy is removed and sent to the pathology laboratory for evaluation. §Used to confirm a diagnosis, estimate prognosis, or monitor the course of a disease.

310
Q

1.inflammation of the skin:

A

1.dermatitis

311
Q

2.instrument to cut the skin:

A

2.dermatome or dermatotome

312
Q

3.tumor (consisting) of fat:

A

3.adipoma, lipoma, steatoma

313
Q

4.excision or removal of a nail:

A

4.onychectomy

314
Q

5.skin that is blue (in color):

A

5.cyanoderma

315
Q

6.surgical repair of the skin:

A

dermatoplasty

316
Q

Débridement

A

§Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound.

317
Q

I&D

A

§Incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, followed by drainage of its content.

318
Q

Mohs surgery

A

§Layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined. Repetition of this procedure until only cancer-free tissue remains.

319
Q

Skin graft

A

Allograft Autograft Synthetic Xenograft

320
Q

Allograft

A

healthy tissue transplanted from one person to another person; also called homograft.

321
Q

Autograft

A

healthy tissue transplanted from one site to another site in the same individual.

322
Q

Skin graft Synthetic

A

§transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers. •Recipient’s body does not reject synthetic skin. •Healing skin grows into the synthetic skin as the graft gradually disintegrates.

323
Q

Xenograft

A

healthy tissue (dermis only) transplanted from a foreign donor (usually a pig) to a human; also called heterograft.

324
Q

1.To prevent infection, the physician removes foreign and necrosed material from Mr. K.’s wound. The therapeutic procedure is charted as (allograft, cryotherapy, débridement).

A

1.débridement

325
Q

2.Ms. J. is diagnosed with verrucae on her left hand. The dermatologist freezes and destroys the lesion with nitrogen. This procedure is known as (cryosurgery, débridement, U V light therapy).

A

2.cryosurgery or cryotherapy

326
Q

3.The surgeon informs Mrs. T. that her skin tumor will be excised layer by layer until it is fully removed. What is this type of surgery called?

A

3.Mohs surgery

327
Q

4.Mrs. X. is informed that pus will be removed from her abscess by incising and draining it. The procedure is abbreviated as

328
Q

5.Mr. X., a patient with burn injury, is given a transplant of healthy tissue from his son. What is this type of transplant known as?

A

5.homograft or allograft

329
Q

6.Mr. G., a fireman who suffers from chemical burns, is having healthy tissue transplanted from a pig. What is this type of transplant called?

A

6.xenograft

330
Q

Antibiotics

A

§Destroy bacteria that cause skin infections.

331
Q

Antifungals

A

§Destroy fungi that infect skin.

332
Q

Antipruritics

A

§Reduce severe itching.

333
Q

Corticosteroids

A

§Anti-inflammatories that treat skin inflammation.

334
Q

1.To treat a bacterial skin infection, the physician prescribes a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).

A

1.antibiotic

335
Q

2.Eddie developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).

A

2.corticosteroid

336
Q

3.Mrs. K. is diagnosed with ringworm infection and is treated with a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).

A

3.antifungal

337
Q

4.Mr. R. developed a rash between his toes and is diagnosed with athlete’s foot. His physician suspects that it was caused by his walking barefoot in the locker room. The doctor treats this infection with a/an (antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial) drug.

A

antifungal

338
Q

Programmed Learning Technique

A

•Consists of a series of teaching units called frames. •Each frame presents information and calls for an answer on your part. •Study frames in sequence because each frame builds on the previous one. •Do not look at the answer column before you write your response, and do not move ahead in a chapter.

339
Q

Medical words consist of some or all of the following elements (word parts):

A

•Word root (W R) •Combining form (C F) •Suffix •Prefix

340
Q

Word Root (W R)

A

•Foundation of a medical word that contains its main meaning. •Usually derived from Latin or Greek language. Most medical words contain at least one W R

341
Q

Combining Form (C F)

A

•Created when a W R is combined with a vowel, known as a combining vowel. No meaning of its own, but enables two or more word elements to be connected.

342
Q

•Combining vowel usually an

A

o, but sometimes an i or an e.

343
Q

•Difficulty pronouncing certain combinations of W R’s requires

A

insertion of a vowel.

344
Q

•mamm/o in mamm/o/gram

345
Q

•psych/o in psych/o/logy

346
Q

•laryng/o in laryng/o/spasm

347
Q

hepat/o in hepat/o/megaly

348
Q

Suffix

A

•Word element at the end of a word. •Changes the meaning of a medical word. •Contained in most medical words. •Usually an indication of a pathology, condition, symptom, therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, or part of speech.

349
Q

•-ectomy in append/ectomy

350
Q

•-itis in appendic/itis

351
Q

•-oma in neur/oma

352
Q

•-tomy in crani/o/tomy

353
Q

•-scope in gastr/o/scope

354
Q

-oma in gastr/oma

355
Q

Prefix

A

•Word element at the beginning of a word. •Many are the same as those used in the English language. •Changes the meaning of a medical word. •Not contained in all medical words. •Usually an indication of a number, time, position, measurement, direction, or negation.

356
Q

•hyper- in hyper/tension

357
Q

•hemi- in hemi/plegia

358
Q

•epi- in epi/derm/al

359
Q

•post- in post/nat/al

360
Q

inter- in inter/cost/al

361
Q

Three steps for defining medical words:

A

1.Define the suffix first. 2.Define the first part of the word (W R, C F, or prefix). 3.Define the middle part of the word (W R or C F).

362
Q

Three rules for building medical words:

A

Know your rules 1, 2, 3

363
Q

•Rule 1:

A

W R links a suffix that begins with a vowel.

364
Q

•Rule 2:

A

C F (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant.

365
Q

•Rule 3:

A

C F (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. •Rule 3 holds true even if the next root begins with a vowel, as in gastr/o/intestin/al.

366
Q

•Diacritical marks and capitalization are used to

A

aid pronunciation of terms throughout the text and to help you understand pronunciation marks used in most dictionaries.

367
Q

Common Suffixes

A

•Surgical •Diagnostic •Pathological •Singular and plural

368
Q

•append/ectomy

A

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures

369
Q

•arthr/o/centesis

A

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures

370
Q

•lith/o/tripsy

A

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures

371
Q

•rhin/o/plasty

A

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures

372
Q

oste/o/tome

A

Suffixes associated with surgical procedures

373
Q

•electr/o/cardio/graphy (E C G, E K G)

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

374
Q

•gastr/o/scopy

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

375
Q

•esophag/o/scopy

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

376
Q

•pelv/i/meter*

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures: * The i in pelv/i/meter is an exception to the rule of using the connecting vowel o.

377
Q

•cardi/o/graphy

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

378
Q

•angi/o/graphy

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

379
Q

pelv/i/metry

A

Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures:

380
Q

•neur/algia

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

381
Q

•gastr/itis

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

382
Q

•hem/o/rrhage

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

383
Q

cardi/o/megaly

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

384
Q

•hepat/o/cele

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

385
Q

•lymph/edema

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

386
Q

•myo/pathy

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

387
Q

•dia/rrhea

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

388
Q

neur/oma

A

Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease

389
Q

Suffixes attached to W R’s to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns gastr/ic

390
Q

Suffixes attached to W R’s to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns neur/al

391
Q

Suffixes attached to W R’s to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns obstetr/ician

392
Q

Suffixes attached to W R’s to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns pneumon/ia

393
Q

Suffix changes when a word is modified from the singular form to the plural form diagnosis to

394
Q

Suffix changes when a word is modified from the singular form to the plural form bronchus to

395
Q

Suffix changes when a word is modified from the singular form to the plural form deformity to

A

deformities

396
Q

Suffix changes when a word is modified from the singular form to the plural form pleura to

MAT 101 (27 decks)

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