Chapter 25 Flashcards
1
Q
Satellite State
A
- independent nation under the control of amore powerful nation
- Create a buffer between the West and Soviet Union
- Ex: Poland, Hungary. Romania, Bulgaria (Under control of Soviet Union)
2
Q
Cold War
A
- Rivalry between Soviet Union and USA
- 1945-1990
- Berlin wall comes down and Soviet Union breaks up
3
Q
Iron Curtain
A
-term coined by Winston Churchill to describethe border between the Soviet satellite states andWestern Europe
4
Q
Truman Doctrine
A
- President Truman’s promise to helpnations struggling against communist movements
- Given to Turkey and Greece (give money)
- Ensures they want become communist states
- Given to Turkey and Greece (give money)
5
Q
George F Kennan
A
- Expert on Foreign policy
- Don’t defeat communism, contain it (containment)
- Provide economic aid
- Military aid
- Don’t defeat communism, contain it (containment)
6
Q
Containment
A
- policy of keeping communism contained withinits existing borders
- Done w/ military and economic aid
- Created by George F Kennan
7
Q
Marshall Plan
A
- foreign policy that offered economic aid toWestern European countries after World War II
- Created by George Marshall
- Done by USA (gifts)
- Countries use the money to build their countries & embrace capitalism
- Use American goods (reinvest into American economy)
8
Q
Berlin Airlift
A
- program in which U.S. and British pilots flewsupplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade
- Russians cut off all access to West Berlin
- USA flies supplies in (every 5 minutes) for a year
- USA doesn’t let
9
Q
NATO
A
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- militaryalliance formed to counter Soviet expansion
- Created to stop communism
10
Q
Warsaw Pact
A
-military alliance of the Soviet Union and itssatellite states
11
Q
Mao Zedong
A
- Communist leader who opposes Jiang
- Fights in a civil war w/ him- Supported by the Soviet Union
- At one point was in an alliance w/ Jiang
- Won the battle between him and Jiang
12
Q
Jiang Jieshi
A
- Nationalist leader in China, USA alley
- Bring his people to Taiwan
- Supported by USA
- Lost the battle between him and Mao
13
Q
38th Parallel
A
- North Korea invades South Korea
- Border between North and South Korea
14
Q
Douglas MacArthur
A
- Leads the troops in Korea
- WWII Hero
- Wanted to drive invaders out of South Korea
- Led a surprise attack on the port of Inchon (North Korea did not suspect it)
- Wants to win the Korea war, but this could lead to WWIII
- Fired by Truman
15
Q
Limited War
A
- Fought in Korea
- war fought to achieve only specific goals
- MacArthur wanted total victory
16
Q
SEATO
A
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
- Created in Asia
- defensivealliance aimed at preventing communist aggressionin Asia
17
Q
Arms Race
A
- contest in which nations compete to build morepowerful weapons
- During Cold War
18
Q
Mutually Assured Destruction
A
- MAD
- If one group uses bombs, the other group can too
- policy in which theUnited States and the Soviet Union hoped to deternuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroyone another
19
Q
John Foster Dulles
A
- Secretary of State for Eisenhower
- Author of Massive Retaliation
- Endorsed the President’s idea of what role USA should play in the world
20
Q
Massive Retaliation
A
- policy of threatening to use massiveforce in response to aggression
- Downside: Have to follow through with the threat
21
Q
Brinkmanship
A
-belief that only by going to the brink of warcould the United States protect itself against communistaggression
22
Q
Nikita Khrushchev
A
- Dictator of Soviet Russia after Stalin
- Takes control of Soviet Russia until 1970s
23
Q
Nationalize
A
- to place a resource under government control
- Example: Suez Canal Crisis w/ Egypt
24
Q
Suez Crisis
A
- attempt by France and Great Britain to seizecontrol of the Suez Canal in 1956
- Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal
- Originally used by France & Britain
- Treated the flow of Middle Eastern oil in Europe
25
Q
Eisenhower Doctrine
A
- policy of President Eisenhower thatstated that the United States would use force to help anynation threatened by communism
- Middle East (Oil)
26
Q
CIA
A
- Central Intelligence Agency
- U.S. intelligence gatheringorganization
- Created to fight communism
- Given tasks by Eisenhower to protect American interests
27
Q
NASA
A
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- government agency that coordinates U.S. effortsin space
- Created to compete with Russia
- Released the first satellite into space (Sputnik 1)
- Created to compete with Russia
28
Q
Red Scare
A
- Paranoia of Communism spreading to the USA
- fear that communists were working to destroythe American way of life- Led the Smith Act
29
Q
HUAC
A
- House Un-American Activities Committee
- congressionalcommittee that investigated possible subversiveactivities within the United States
- Builded against communism
- Used to figure out communist spies
30
Q
Hollywood Ten
A
- Politicians attacked people in Hollywood who were communists
- Led to many people committing suicide
- group of movie writers, directors, and producerswho refused to answer HUAC questions about communistties
31
Q
Blacklist
A
- People accused of being a communist by Politicians
- list of persons who were not hired because of suspectedcommunist ties
- Ex: Film makers
32
Q
Alger Hiss
A
- Accused of being a communist/spy
- Member of the state department
- Lied during trial and was fired
- Nixon was involved, and eventually became president
33
Q
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
A
- Worked in a building that did research on Nuclear Bombs
- Gave information to the Soviet Union about the bomb
- Janitors, not physicists
- Jews w/ Children
- Put on trial, sentenced to death (electric chair, treason)
34
Q
Joseph R McCarthy
A
- Accused everyone of being communists (army)
- Wanted to be put in the public eye- Senator from Wisconsin
- Events were used to create the story the Crucible
35
Q
McCarthyism
A
- Anti-Communist idea
- Created by Joseph R McCarthy
- negative catchword for extreme, recklesscharges of disloyalty
36
Q
Smith Act
A
- Made it illegal to promote the over-throw of the USA government (aimed towards communists in USA)
- People were arrested, tried, and jailed
- Created because of the red scare
