Chapter 12 Flashcards
Radical Republicans
- Congressmen who advocated full citizenshiprights for African Americans along with a harshReconstruction policy toward the South
- Wanted to punish the South
Wade-Davis Bill
- Required that a majority of prewar votersin the Confederate states swear loyalty to the Unionbefore restoration could begin
- Abraham Lincoln did not sign the bill
- Also called “Iron-clad plan”
Freedmen’s Bureau
- Created by the Radical Republicans
- Federal agency designed to aid freedslaves and poor white farmers in the South after theCivil War
- Goal: provides food, clothes, healthcare, and education to whites & blacks in south
- Financed in the federal government all the way to 1872 (temporary)
- Johnson doesn’t like this idea, because he believed it gave the federal government too much power
Black Code
- Laws that restricted African Americans’ rightsand opportunities
- Leads to segregation (separate facilities for blacks and whites)
- Plesi vs. Ferguson (made segregation legal)
- Also called Jim Crow laws
Andrew Johnson
- Vice President during Lincoln’s presidency (Democratic Southerner)
- Became president when Lincoln was assassinated
- Wanted to restore political status to the southern states as quickly as possible
- Required each state to ratify the 13th Amendment and draft a constitution that abolished slavery
- Allowed states to limit the rights of African Americans because he did not want them to vote
Civil Rights Act of 1866
-Law that established federalguarantees of civil rights for all citizens
Fourteenth Amendment
-1868 constitutional amendmentwhich defined citizenship and guaranteed citizens equalprotection under the law
Impeachment
- Accusation against a public official of wrongdoingin office
- Radical Republicans tried to impeach Andrew Johnson
- Must be guilty of high crime & misdemeanor to be impeached (murder, kidnapping, rape, stealing)
Fifteenth Amendment
-1870 constitutional amendmentthat guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previouscondition of servitude
Scalawag
- Negative term for a southern white who supportedthe Republican Party after the Civil War
- Seen by southerners as a traitor
Carpet Baggers
- Negative term for Northerners who moved tothe South after the Civil War
- Northerns would try to win elections in the South
Segregation
- Forced separation, oftentimes by race
- Creates the principle of “separate but equal”
- Brown vs. The Board of Education (gets rid of segregation)
Integration
- Process of bringing people of different races,religions, and social classes together
- Brown vs. The Board of Education creates integration
Share Cropping
-System in which a farmer tended a portion ofa planter’s land in return for a share of the crop
Share Tenancy
-Much like sharecropping, except that the farmer chose what crop he would plant and bought his own supplies
Tenant Farming
-System in which a farmer paid rent to alandowner for the use of the land
Ku Klux Klan
- Organization that promotes hatred and discriminationagainst specific ethnic and religious groups
- The illegal way to deal with African Americans
- The best people of society were members (educated people)
Enforcement Acts
- 1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federaloffense to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote
- Federal government trying to stop the KKK
Reconstruction
- Program implemented by the federal governmentbetween 1865 and 1877
- Repair of damage to theSouth caused by the Civil War and restore the southernstates to the Union
Redeemers
-Term for white southern Democrats whoreturned to power after 1870
Compromise of 1877
- agreement by which Rutherford B.Hayes won the 1876 -presidential election and inexchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troopsfrom the South
- Provisions:
- Federal troops removed from South
- 1 Southern Democrat is named to the Hayes cabinet
- Internal improvements: Support for building new infrastructure (roads, canals, bridges, railroads)
- Control over federal patronage
- People can pick their own leaders for jobs
- Gives them power
Rutherford B Hayes
- Ohio Republican during 1876 Presidential Election
- Union general
- Had served in the House of Representatives
Presidential Election of 1876
- Southern Democrat: Samuel Tilden
- Northern Republican: Rutherford B Hayes
- Tilden gets popular vote
- They don’t know who gets the electoral votes (Votes in 3 states miscounted)
- Hayes gets all the electoral votes
- Hayes wins the election
To Punish or Forgive the South
- Forgive: Lincoln
- Ten percent: 10% of southerns swear oath of loyalty, change definition of citizenship, give blacks right to vote,
- To punish: Stevens, Sumner
- Iron-clad plan: everyone/most have to swear oath. Confederate leaders were allowed to participate in government
Legal Way to Deal With African Americans
Legal: Black code/ jim crow laws
- Segregation laws - Separate but equal - Plesi vs. Ferguson (made segregation equal)
Illegal Way to Deal with African Americans
Illegal: KKK
- (Ku Klux Klan) - Killed and Beat African Americans - The best people of society were members (educated people)
How did the Reconstruction come to an End?
- The Compromise of 1877 signified the end of the Reconstruction period
- Rutherford B Hayes became president in 1876 and in exchange got rid federal troops in the South
- Removal of all troops in the South
- South is now in charge of their government
Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
- 13th: Frees african americans
- 14th: Defines citizenship
- 15th: Gives AA right to vote
- The Civil Rights Amendments
