Chapter 12

Question 1

Radical Republicans

Answer 1

• Congressmen who advocated full citizenshiprights for African Americans along with a harshReconstruction policy toward the South
• Wanted to punish the South

Question 2

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 2

• Required that a majority of prewar votersin the Confederate states swear loyalty to the Unionbefore restoration could begin
• Abraham Lincoln did not sign the bill
• Also called “Iron-clad plan”

Question 3

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 3

• Created by the Radical Republicans
• Federal agency designed to aid freedslaves and poor white farmers in the South after theCivil War
• Goal: provides food, clothes, healthcare, and education to whites & blacks in south
• Financed in the federal government all the way to 1872 (temporary)
• Johnson doesn’t like this idea, because he believed it gave the federal government too much power

Question 4

Black Code

Answer 4

• Laws that restricted African Americans’ rightsand opportunities
• Leads to segregation (separate facilities for blacks and whites)
• Plesi vs. Ferguson (made segregation legal)
• Also called Jim Crow laws

Question 5

Andrew Johnson

Answer 5

• Vice President during Lincoln’s presidency (Democratic Southerner)
• Became president when Lincoln was assassinated
• Wanted to restore political status to the southern states as quickly as possible
• Required each state to ratify the 13th Amendment and draft a constitution that abolished slavery
• Allowed states to limit the rights of African Americans because he did not want them to vote

Question 6

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 6

-Law that established federalguarantees of civil rights for all citizens

Question 7

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 7

-1868 constitutional amendmentwhich defined citizenship and guaranteed citizens equalprotection under the law

Question 8

Impeachment

Answer 8

• Accusation against a public official of wrongdoingin office
• Radical Republicans tried to impeach Andrew Johnson
• Must be guilty of high crime & misdemeanor to be impeached (murder, kidnapping, rape, stealing)

Question 9

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 9

-1870 constitutional amendmentthat guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previouscondition of servitude

Question 10

Scalawag

Answer 10

• Negative term for a southern white who supportedthe Republican Party after the Civil War
• Seen by southerners as a traitor

Question 11

Carpet Baggers

Answer 11

• Negative term for Northerners who moved tothe South after the Civil War
• Northerns would try to win elections in the South

Question 12

Segregation

Answer 12

• Forced separation, oftentimes by race
• Creates the principle of “separate but equal”
• Brown vs. The Board of Education (gets rid of segregation)

Question 13

Integration

Answer 13

• Process of bringing people of different races,religions, and social classes together
• Brown vs. The Board of Education creates integration

Question 14

Share Cropping

Answer 14

-System in which a farmer tended a portion ofa planter’s land in return for a share of the crop

Question 15

Share Tenancy

Answer 15

-Much like sharecropping, except that the farmer chose what crop he would plant and bought his own supplies

Question 16

Tenant Farming

Answer 16

-System in which a farmer paid rent to alandowner for the use of the land

Question 17

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 17

• Organization that promotes hatred and discriminationagainst specific ethnic and religious groups
• The illegal way to deal with African Americans
• The best people of society were members (educated people)

Question 18

Enforcement Acts

Answer 18

• 1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federaloffense to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote
• Federal government trying to stop the KKK

Question 19

Reconstruction

Answer 19

• Program implemented by the federal governmentbetween 1865 and 1877
• Repair of damage to theSouth caused by the Civil War and restore the southernstates to the Union

Question 20

Redeemers

Answer 20

-Term for white southern Democrats whoreturned to power after 1870

Question 21

Compromise of 1877

Answer 21

• agreement by which Rutherford B.Hayes won the 1876 -presidential election and inexchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troopsfrom the South
• Provisions:
  - Federal troops removed from South
  - 1 Southern Democrat is named to the Hayes cabinet
  - Internal improvements: Support for building new infrastructure (roads, canals, bridges, railroads)
  - Control over federal patronage
  - People can pick their own leaders for jobs
  - Gives them power

Question 22

Rutherford B Hayes

Answer 22

• Ohio Republican during 1876 Presidential Election
• Union general
• Had served in the House of Representatives

Question 23

Presidential Election of 1876

Answer 23

• Southern Democrat: Samuel Tilden
• Northern Republican: Rutherford B Hayes
• Tilden gets popular vote
• They don’t know who gets the electoral votes (Votes in 3 states miscounted)
• Hayes gets all the electoral votes
• Hayes wins the election

Question 24

To Punish or Forgive the South

Answer 24

• Forgive: Lincoln
  
  • Ten percent: 10% of southerns swear oath of loyalty, change definition of citizenship, give blacks right to vote,
• To punish: Stevens, Sumner
  
  • Iron-clad plan: everyone/most have to swear oath. Confederate leaders were allowed to participate in government

Question 25

Legal Way to Deal With African Americans

Answer 25

Legal: Black code/ jim crow laws

- Segregation laws
- Separate but equal
- Plesi vs. Ferguson (made segregation equal)

Question 26

Illegal Way to Deal with African Americans

Answer 26

Illegal: KKK

- (Ku Klux Klan)
- Killed and Beat African Americans
- The best people of society were members (educated people)

Question 27

How did the Reconstruction come to an End?

Answer 27

• The Compromise of 1877 signified the end of the Reconstruction period
• Rutherford B Hayes became president in 1876 and in exchange got rid federal troops in the South
• Removal of all troops in the South
  
  • South is now in charge of their government

Question 28

Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments

Answer 28

• 13th: Frees african americans
• 14th: Defines citizenship
• 15th: Gives AA right to vote
• The Civil Rights Amendments