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US History II > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

-Author: Henry Clay
-Political agreement that allowed California to be admitted as a free state by allowing popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave law
-North gets:
California= Free State
Slave trade is not allowed in Washington, D.C
-South gets:
Slavery is allowed in Washington D.C
Strong Fugitive Slave Act: If slaves run away, northern states must help return them (abolitionists opposed)

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2
Q

Popular Soverignty

A
  • Author: Stephen A Douglas

- When applying for statehood, states vote to be free or slave state (Ignores Missouri Compromise)

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3
Q

Secede

A
  • To withdraw formally from a membership in a group or an organization
  • Act of leaving the Union
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4
Q

Free Soil Party

A
  • Antislavery political party of the mid-1800s

- Pledged a national platform of freedom

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5
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A
  • Proposed by David Wilmot, but rejected

- 1846 bill that would have banned slavery in the territory won from Mexico in the Mexican War

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6
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

-Law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves

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7
Q

Personal Liberty Laws

A

-Laws enacted by northern states to oppose the Fugitive Slave Act by granting rights to escaped slaves and free blacks

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8
Q

Underground Railroad

A

-System that existed before the Civil War, in which black and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas, especially Canada

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9
Q

Harriet Tubman

A
  • Maryland-Born Fugitive Slave
  • “Black Moses”
  • Made 2 dozen trips to the South to guide slaves
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10
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A
  • Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
  • Powerful story about slavery that spread compassion
  • “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.” -Lincoln
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11
Q

John Brown

A
  • New York abolitionist

- Carried out a midnight execution of slavers

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12
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A
  • Created by Stephen Douglas
  • 1854 law that divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide wether or not to allow slavery
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13
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

-Term used to describe the 1854-1856 violence between proslavery and antislavery supporters in Kansas

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14
Q

Know-Nothings

A
  • Political party of the mid-1800s, officially known as the American Party, that opposed immigration/immigrants, catholicism (thought catholics would hold allegiance to Pope, not gov.)
  • Mad because immigrants would take away jobs (police, firemen)
  • Political issue: More votes (immigrants control the votes in cities, elect immigrant mayors)
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15
Q

Dred Scott

A

-Missouri slave who sued for freedom
-Master took him to free territory of Illinois and Wisconsin for 4 years, so he wanted freedom
-Reached Supreme Court under Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Court ruled against Scott

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16
Q

Roger B. Taney

A
  • Chief Justice of Supreme Court during Dred Scott Case
  • Ruled against Scott saying “Slaves are property, not people, and therefore, cannot sue”
  • With slavery
17
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A
  • Northern Republican for Election of 1860
  • Began political career at 25 when elected to be a Whig for state legislation in Illinois
  • Argues for no further extension of slavery
  • Real political career began when he opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and Stephen A. Douglas
  • Hated popular sovereignty
  • Lost in senatorial election vs. Stephen Douglas by slim margin
18
Q

Stephen A. Douglas

A
  • Northern Democrat for Election of 1860
  • “Little Giant”
  • Supported the annexation of Texas, promoted popular sovereignty
  • Won senatorial election against Lincoln by slim margin
19
Q

Republican Party

A

-Political party established around keeping slavery without further extension

20
Q

Harpers Ferry

A
  • Town in Virginia (now West Virginia) where abolitionist John Brown raided the federal arsenal in 1859
  • John Brown fails because Robert E Lee & Jeb Stewart are sent to deal with him, he kills all of his follows, and eventually gets death penalty
21
Q

Jefferson Davis

A
  • Mississippi Congressman who convinced Congress to adopt resolutions restricting federal control over slavery in the territories
  • Also asserted that the Constitution prohibited Congress or any state from interfering slavery in the states that already existed
22
Q

John C. Breckinridge

A
  • Southern Democrat for Election of 1860
  • Committed to expanding slavery into the territories
  • Said Federal Gov should protect slavery
23
Q

Confederate States of America

A

-Government of 11 southern states that seceded from the United States and fought against the Union of the Civili War

24
Q

Crittenden Compromise

A

-1861 proposed constitutional amendment that attempted to prevent secession of the southern states by allowing slavery in al territories south of the Missouri Compromise line

25
Q

Fort Sumter

A

-Federal fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, where the first shots of the Civil War were fired

26
Q

John Brown (Causes of the Civil War)

A
  • Extreme abolitionist (radical)
  • Viewed in south as terrorist
  • Viewed in north as hero
  • Potawatame Creek: executes people associated w/ slavery (Not slavers)
  • Harper’s Ferry: Raids federal arsenal, kills his followers, eventually gets the death penalty
27
Q

Abraham Lincoln’s Election (Causes of the Civil War)

A
  • Opposed to the extension of slavery (No new states can have slavery)
  • Angers the south because they will be outvoted for elections
28
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Causes of the Civil War)

A
  • South angry because its a work of fiction
  • Northerners became more aware of the horrors of slavery
  • Showed the mistreatment of slaves
  • “You’re the little women that started this great war” -Abraham Lincoln
29
Q

Dred Scott (Causes of the Civil War)

A
  • Roger B. Taney said he cannot sue because he is not a citizen, therefore he has no standing
  • Furthermore, he is property
  • Angers abolitionists
30
Q

Development of the Cotton Gin (Causes of the Civil War)

A
  • Because of the cotton gin, more slaves & land were needed for plantations
  • Leads to western expansion (New areas that can be free or slave states)
  • Encourages slavery

US History II (17 decks)

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