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US History II > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mass Production

A

-production of goods in large numbersthrough the use of machinery and assembly lines

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2
Q

Model T

A
  • automobile manufactured by Henry Ford to beaffordable on the mass market
  • Durable
  • Made affordable for the middle class using mass production
  • 850 to 290 dollars (after assembly line & mass production)
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3
Q

Scientific Management

A
  • approach to improving efficiency

- experts looked at every step of a manufacturingprocess, trying to find ways to reduce time, effort, andexpense

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4
Q

Assembly Line

A
  • arrangement of equipment and workers inwhich work passes from operation to operation in directline until the product is assembled
  • Reduced the making of a car from 12 hours to 90 minutes
  • Created by Henry Ford
  • Perfected by Scientific Management
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5
Q

Consumer Revolution

A

-flood of new, affordable goods in thedecades after World War I

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6
Q

Installment Buying

A
  • method of purchase in which buyermakes a small down payment
  • Later payoff the restof the debt in regular monthly payments
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7
Q

Bull Market

A
  • period of rising stock prices
  • Value of your stock is at an all time high
  • People used stocks to become rich
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8
Q

Buying on Margin

A

-system of buying stocks in which abuyer pays a small percentage of the purchase pricewhile the broker advances the rest

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9
Q

Andrew Mellon

A
  • Harding’s Secretary of Treasury
  • Wanted economic policy that supports business interests
  • Favored low taxes on corporations and individuals
  • Decreased war budget from 18 billion to 3 billion
  • Led to the government having more money than it needed to run
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10
Q

Herbert Hoover

A
  • Harding’s Secretary of Commerce
  • Worked with business and labor leaders to achieve voluntary advancements
  • Got people to work together instead of against
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11
Q

Charlie Forbes

A
  • Veteran Administration leader
  • Make deals w/ businesses that effected Veterans & Tax payers
  • Ex: bought 70,000 dollars worth of floor cleaner (100 years worth) at 24 times the fair price
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12
Q

Harry Daugherty

A
  • Attorney General during Harding Administration
  • Charge people w/ serious crimes
  • Doherty would drop charges if payed
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13
Q

Teapot Dome Scandal

A
  • scandal during the Harding administrationin which the Secretary of the Interior leasedgovernment oil reserves to private oilmen in return forbribes
  • Fall sold the navy oil to private contractors (went to jail)
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14
Q

Calvin Coolige

A
  • Became president due to President Harding’s death
  • Believed that creation of wealth benefitted the nation as a whole
  • “Silent Cal”
  • Left office in 1928
  • Favored no government intervention
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15
Q

Washington Naval Disarmament Conference

A
  • meetingheld in 1921 and 1922 where world leaders agreed to limitconstruction of warships
  • Limit the possibility of war
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16
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

-1928 agreement in which manynations agreed to outlaw war

17
Q

Dawes Plan

A
  • agreement in which the United States loaned money to Germany, allowing Germany to make reparation payments to Britain and France
  • French = mad because Germany hasn’t paid them (steal coal)
  • We loan money to Germany for reparations to France and Britain
18
Q

Modernism

A
  • Artistic and literary movement sparked by abreak with past conventions
  • Emphasize science and secular values over traditional ideas about religion
19
Q

Fundamentalism

A
  • Movement or attitude stressing strictand literal adherence to a set of basic principles
  • Beliefs upon faith alone
  • Every word of the Bible is truth
20
Q

Scopes Trail

A
  • 1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher forteaching Darwin’s theory of evolution (not allowed)
  • Didn’t teach Creationism so got in trouble
  • William Jennings Bryan is the prosecutor
  • Scopes was found guilty (fined $100)
  • Example of Fundamentalism and Modernism clashing
21
Q

Clarence Darrow

A
  • Most celebrated defense attorney in America

- Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial

22
Q

Quota System

A
  • Arrangement that limited the number ofimmigrants who could enter the United States from specificcountries
  • Still used today
  • Enacted due to WWI and the Red Scare
23
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A
  • Organization that promotes hatred and discriminationagainst specific ethnic and religious groups
  • Powerful politically in the South during the 1920s
  • Against Christians, Jews, and African Americans
  • Terrorized businesses and controlled politicians
24
Q

Prohibition

A
  • The forbidding by law of the manufacture,transport, and sale of alcohol
  • Temperance reformers wanted the movement
  • Around 1917
  • Occurred additionally because of WWI (barley, wheat, and corn was needed)
  • Led to growth in organized crime
25
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A
  • Constitutional amendment banningthe manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol inthe United States
  • During the Prohibition
  • Leads to the Volstead Act & bootlegging
26
Q

Volstead Act

A
  • Law enacted by Congress to enforce theEighteenth Amendment
  • Used because only rural areas followed the Eighteenth Amendment
  • 1919
27
Q

Bootlegger

A
  • One who sells illegal alcohol
  • Bootlegging occurred due to the 18th Amendment and Volstead Act
  • Occurred during the Prohibition
  • Lead to speakeasies
28
Q

Henry Ford

A
  • Carmaker
  • Introduced a series of methods and ideas that revolutionized production, wages, working conditions, and daily life
  • Invented the Model T
  • Created the assembly line process
29
Q

Charlie Chaplin

A
  • Born in England, traveled to USA
  • Comedian
  • Was in many silent movies
  • In the movie the Little Tramp
    • Played a hobo, dreamer, and poet
  • Disposable income used to buy tickets
30
Q

The Jazz Singer

A
  • 1927
  • Blackface: Black people couldn’t preform on stage for white people
  • First movie to synchronize the sounds into actions
  • Led to silent movies slowly disappearing
31
Q

Babe Ruth

A
  • Baseball player for Red Socks and eventually the Yankees
  • Rose to fame due to the use of radio sports coverage and the increased readership of newspapers
  • Held a record of the most home runs during a season for 30 years
  • Disposable income is used to buy tickets
  • Sports create jobs
32
Q

Red Grange

A
  • Football

- “Galloping Ghost”

33
Q

Jack Dempsey

A
  • Boxer

- “Kid Blackie”

34
Q

Charles Lindbergh

A
  • Aviator
  • Flew his plane (The Spirit of Saint Louis) from Long Island, New York to Paris, France
    • Across the Atlantic Ocean
    • First to do the flight solo and non-stop
    • Took 33 hours (stayed awake entire time)
  • Became a great hero (Nickname Lucky Lindy)
35
Q

Flapper

A
  • young woman from the 1920s who defied traditionalrules of conduct and dress
  • Wore their hair in bobs
  • Wore makeup & short skirts
36
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • Austrian psychologist
  • Theories contributed to literacy and artistic modernism
  • Said human behavior is driven unconscious desires (not rational thought)
    • To live in society, people suppress their desires
    • Tension between outward and subconscious behavior could lead to mental and physical illness
  • Brought more knowledge to mental illness
  • Lead writers and artists to explore the subconscious mind
37
Q

Lost Generation

A
  • term for American writers of the 1920smarked by disillusion with World War I
  • No longer had faith in the cultural guideposts of the Victorian Era
  • Led to a search for anew sense of meaning
38
Q

F Scott Fitzgerald

A
  • Novelist who explored the American dream in his writing
  • Showed the American dream ending in nightmare (Great Gatsby)
    • Gatsby builds up his life and reimagines himself
    • Bootlegs and parties
    • Life is destroyed and he dies (his life was meaningless)
39
Q

Ernest Hemmingway

A
  • Novelist
  • Felt betrayed by the American dream & literary language
  • Wrote “Farewell to Arms”
  • Used his powerful writing style to reflect his insights

US History II (17 decks)

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