Chapter 20 Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Mass Production
A
-production of goods in large numbersthrough the use of machinery and assembly lines
2
Q
Model T
A
- automobile manufactured by Henry Ford to beaffordable on the mass market
- Durable
- Made affordable for the middle class using mass production
- 850 to 290 dollars (after assembly line & mass production)
3
Q
Scientific Management
A
- approach to improving efficiency
- experts looked at every step of a manufacturingprocess, trying to find ways to reduce time, effort, andexpense
4
Q
Assembly Line
A
- arrangement of equipment and workers inwhich work passes from operation to operation in directline until the product is assembled
- Reduced the making of a car from 12 hours to 90 minutes
- Created by Henry Ford
- Perfected by Scientific Management
5
Q
Consumer Revolution
A
-flood of new, affordable goods in thedecades after World War I
6
Q
Installment Buying
A
- method of purchase in which buyermakes a small down payment
- Later payoff the restof the debt in regular monthly payments
7
Q
Bull Market
A
- period of rising stock prices
- Value of your stock is at an all time high
- People used stocks to become rich
8
Q
Buying on Margin
A
-system of buying stocks in which abuyer pays a small percentage of the purchase pricewhile the broker advances the rest
9
Q
Andrew Mellon
A
- Harding’s Secretary of Treasury
- Wanted economic policy that supports business interests
- Favored low taxes on corporations and individuals
- Decreased war budget from 18 billion to 3 billion
- Led to the government having more money than it needed to run
10
Q
Herbert Hoover
A
- Harding’s Secretary of Commerce
- Worked with business and labor leaders to achieve voluntary advancements
- Got people to work together instead of against
11
Q
Charlie Forbes
A
- Veteran Administration leader
- Make deals w/ businesses that effected Veterans & Tax payers
- Ex: bought 70,000 dollars worth of floor cleaner (100 years worth) at 24 times the fair price
12
Q
Harry Daugherty
A
- Attorney General during Harding Administration
- Charge people w/ serious crimes
- Doherty would drop charges if payed
13
Q
Teapot Dome Scandal
A
- scandal during the Harding administrationin which the Secretary of the Interior leasedgovernment oil reserves to private oilmen in return forbribes
- Fall sold the navy oil to private contractors (went to jail)
14
Q
Calvin Coolige
A
- Became president due to President Harding’s death
- Believed that creation of wealth benefitted the nation as a whole
- “Silent Cal”
- Left office in 1928
- Favored no government intervention
15
Q
Washington Naval Disarmament Conference
A
- meetingheld in 1921 and 1922 where world leaders agreed to limitconstruction of warships
- Limit the possibility of war
16
Q
Kellogg-Briand Pact
A
-1928 agreement in which manynations agreed to outlaw war
17
Q
Dawes Plan
A
- agreement in which the United States loaned money to Germany, allowing Germany to make reparation payments to Britain and France
- French = mad because Germany hasn’t paid them (steal coal)
- We loan money to Germany for reparations to France and Britain
18
Q
Modernism
A
- Artistic and literary movement sparked by abreak with past conventions
- Emphasize science and secular values over traditional ideas about religion
19
Q
Fundamentalism
A
- Movement or attitude stressing strictand literal adherence to a set of basic principles
- Beliefs upon faith alone
- Every word of the Bible is truth
20
Q
Scopes Trail
A
- 1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher forteaching Darwin’s theory of evolution (not allowed)
- Didn’t teach Creationism so got in trouble
- William Jennings Bryan is the prosecutor
- Scopes was found guilty (fined $100)
- Example of Fundamentalism and Modernism clashing
21
Q
Clarence Darrow
A
- Most celebrated defense attorney in America
- Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial
22
Q
Quota System
A
- Arrangement that limited the number ofimmigrants who could enter the United States from specificcountries
- Still used today
- Enacted due to WWI and the Red Scare
23
Q
Ku Klux Klan
A
- Organization that promotes hatred and discriminationagainst specific ethnic and religious groups
- Powerful politically in the South during the 1920s
- Against Christians, Jews, and African Americans
- Terrorized businesses and controlled politicians
24
Q
Prohibition
A
- The forbidding by law of the manufacture,transport, and sale of alcohol
- Temperance reformers wanted the movement
- Around 1917
- Occurred additionally because of WWI (barley, wheat, and corn was needed)
- Led to growth in organized crime
25
Eighteenth Amendment
- Constitutional amendment banning the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol in the United States
- During the Prohibition
- Leads to the Volstead Act & bootlegging
26
Volstead Act
- Law enacted by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment
- Used because only rural areas followed the Eighteenth Amendment
- 1919
27
Bootlegger
- One who sells illegal alcohol
- Bootlegging occurred due to the 18th Amendment and Volstead Act
- Occurred during the Prohibition
- Lead to speakeasies
28
Henry Ford
- Carmaker
- Introduced a series of methods and ideas that revolutionized production, wages, working conditions, and daily life
- Invented the Model T
- Created the assembly line process
29
Charlie Chaplin
- Born in England, traveled to USA
- Comedian
- Was in many silent movies
- In the movie the Little Tramp
- Played a hobo, dreamer, and poet
- Disposable income used to buy tickets
30
The Jazz Singer
- 1927
- Blackface: Black people couldn't preform on stage for white people
- First movie to synchronize the sounds into actions
- Led to silent movies slowly disappearing
31
Babe Ruth
- Baseball player for Red Socks and eventually the Yankees
- Rose to fame due to the use of radio sports coverage and the increased readership of newspapers
- Held a record of the most home runs during a season for 30 years
- Disposable income is used to buy tickets
- Sports create jobs
32
Red Grange
- Football
| - "Galloping Ghost"
33
Jack Dempsey
- Boxer
| - "Kid Blackie"
34
Charles Lindbergh
- Aviator
- Flew his plane (The Spirit of Saint Louis) from Long Island, New York to Paris, France
- Across the Atlantic Ocean
- First to do the flight solo and non-stop
- Took 33 hours (stayed awake entire time)
- Became a great hero (Nickname Lucky Lindy)
35
Flapper
- young woman from the 1920s who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress
- Wore their hair in bobs
- Wore makeup & short skirts
36
Sigmund Freud
- Austrian psychologist
- Theories contributed to literacy and artistic modernism
- Said human behavior is driven unconscious desires (not rational thought)
- To live in society, people suppress their desires
- Tension between outward and subconscious behavior could lead to mental and physical illness
- Brought more knowledge to mental illness
- Lead writers and artists to explore the subconscious mind
37
Lost Generation
- term for American writers of the 1920s marked by disillusion with World War I
- No longer had faith in the cultural guideposts of the Victorian Era
- Led to a search for a new sense of meaning
38
F Scott Fitzgerald
- Novelist who explored the American dream in his writing
- Showed the American dream ending in nightmare (Great Gatsby)
- Gatsby builds up his life and reimagines himself
- Bootlegs and parties
- Life is destroyed and he dies (his life was meaningless)
39
Ernest Hemmingway
- Novelist
- Felt betrayed by the American dream & literary language
- Wrote "Farewell to Arms"
- Used his powerful writing style to reflect his insights
