Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Fireside Chat

A
  • informal radio broadcast in which FDRexplained issues and New Deal programs to averageAmericans
    • Done every week (first president to do this)
    • Inspired and provided confidence to American people (We have nothing to fear but fear itself)
    • The first chat was about the banks during the 4 day bank holiday
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2
Q

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A
  • FDIC
    • governmentagency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeingthat depositors’ money will be safe
    • Insured up to 5,000 dollars
    • Done to encourage people to deposit, as well as know that it is protected
    • Created by the Glass-Steagall law
    • SEC made the stock market a safer place for investments
    • Stabilized the stock market
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3
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A
  • government agencythat built dams in the Tennessee River valley to controlflooding and generate electric power (first time in history they had electricity and indoor plumbing)
    • Creates jobs
    • Works project run by the federal government
    • Created industry there because of the promise of cheap power
    • form of socialism
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4
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A
  • New Deal programthat provided more than 2 million young men with relief jobs on environmentalconservation projects, including reforestation and floodcontrol
    • Would clean out the areas, do landscaping
    • The men who did the work were housed, clothed, and fed (got paid and sent the money home)
    • Eventually became more inclusive by extending training to Mexican Americans as well
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5
Q

John Maynard Keynes

A
  • Economist
    • Deficit spending to get out of debt
    • Government can borrow money, but must be able to get rid of deficit (4.4 Billion dollar deficit)
    • Pay people to work on the public works project, and money will circulate throughout the system= Pump Priming
    • Ex: Public works
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6
Q

Social Security Act

A
  • 1935 law that set up a pension systemfor retirees
    • established unemployment insurance for workers who lost their jobs
    • created insurance for victims of work-related accidents
    • also provided aid for poverty-stricken mothers and children,the blind, and the disabled
    • Did not apply to domestics or farmers (African Americans were not eligible)
    • Widows received less money than widowers
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7
Q

Court Packing

A
  • Court can decide if a law can be passed or not
    • FDR plan to add up to six new justices tothe nine-member Supreme Court after the Court hadruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional
    • The checks and balance system would have been upset if this had been allowed (congress did not approve)
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8
Q

Mary McLeod Bethune

A
  • African American women (first AA woman to have to have this high position)
    • Director of African American affairs in the federal government
    • Member of the Black Cabinet
    • Liked the New Deal, “New Day for African Americans”
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9
Q

New Deal Coalition

A
  • political force formed by diversegroups who united to support Franklin D. Roosevelt andhis New Deal
    • White southern
    • White Urbans
    • African Americans
    • Farmers
      • All 4 tended to vote democratic
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10
Q

Welfare State

A
  • Pensions, medicare
    • Creates a large government, social security
    • Government is responsible for its citizens
    • government that assumes responsibility forproviding for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, andunemployed
    • Improvement because most american citizens (excluding veterans) did not recieve benefits from the federal government
    • 30% of the government budget today
    • Ex of Priming the Pump because money would circulate throughout the system
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11
Q

Frank Capra

A
  • Hollywood Director
    • American Idealism films
    • Characters were everyday people struggling w/ hardships
    • Mr. Smith goes to Washington
      • Jimmy Stewart plays a man chosen to be a senator
      • Finds that politics are corrupt, fights back
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12
Q

John Steinbeck

A
  • American author
  • Wrote about hardships in America (The Dust Bowl)
    • Wrote Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men
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13
Q

Lillian Hellman

A
  • Playwright
    • New Orleans native
    • Plays: “The Children’s Hour”, “The Little Foxes”, and “Watch on the Rhine”
    • Creates female heroines
    • Began a movement in society where women were far more relevant, became more equal
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14
Q

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

A
  • Ran 4 consecutive terms (1933-1945)
    • Fireside Chats
    • Guiding USA through WWII and Great Depression
    • Developed the Polio virus (infantile Paralysis) from slipping off his boat into the Atlantic Ocean (wheel chair)
    • Ran during the 1932 election as a democrat (won)
    • Served as Woodrow Wilson’s Assistant Secretary of the Navy
    • 1920 election: Democratic vice president nominee
    • 1928: Elected governor of New York
    • Created the “New Deal”/ Modern Welfare State
    • Died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1945
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15
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A
  • Distant cousin of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, got married
    • Became deeply involved in public affairs
    • Encouraged FDR to make a political comeback
    • Served as FDR’s eyes and ears, interacting with Americans on his behalf
    • When the Bonus Army marched on Washington, she sang with the Veterans and made them feel like the government cared
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16
Q

New Deal

A
  • programs and legislation enacted by Franklin D.Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economicrecovery and social reform
    • Promised by FDR when he ran for president in 1932
    • Believed the depression required strong action and leadership by the federal government
    • The Three R’s
      • Relief
        • Providing direct relief to people who were struggling
      • Recovery
        • Achieve long term economic recovery
      • Reform
        • Certain aspects of the monetary system
        • Made reforms to help prevent future depressions
17
Q

National Recovery Administration

A
  • NRA
    • New Dealagency that promoted economic recovery by regulatingproduction, prices, and wages
    • Headed by Harry Hopkins
    • Created public works projects to create jobs
    • Developed codes of fair competition to gover whole industries (help companies make a profit)
    • Created minimum wage for workers as well as the minimum price for goods
18
Q

Public Works Administration

A
  • New Deal agencythat provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings
    • PWA
    • Built bridges, dams, and public buildings
    • Improved the nations infrastructure and created jobs
    • Ex: Bonneville Dam, the Overseas Highway
19
Q

Father Charles Coughlin

A
  • Roman Catholic Priest
    • Weekly radio show
    • Ended up not liking the New Deal (raw deal)
    • Would use Anti-Semetic remarks
    • Roman Catholic officials made him end his radio show
    • Canadian (couldn’t run as president)
    • Supported Huey Long
20
Q

Huey Long

A
  • Anti- New Deal
    • High taxes on wealthy and big businesses & redistribute money to poor (“Share our Wealth” program)
    • Assassinated (shot by a doctor)
    • Senator from Louisiana
21
Q

Second New Deal

A
  • legislative activity begun by Franklin D.Roosevelt in 1935 to solve problems created by the GreatDepression
    • Continuation of Relief, Recovery, and Reform (New Deal)
    • Intervention of government to protect citizens
    • Addresses the problems of the elderly, poor, unemployed, and farmers
    • Created new public works projects
    • Enacted measures to protect workers’ rights
22
Q

Works Progress Administration

A
  • WPA
    • Headed by Harry Hopkins
    • Fixed highways, dredged rivers and harbors, promoted soil and water conservation
    • Created programs in the arts/ artists
    • Created jobs
    • Led to a 4.4 Billion dollar spending deficit
23
Q

Pump Priming

A
  • economic theory that favored public worksprojects because they put money into the hands of consumerswho would buy more goods, stimulating the economy
    • Created by John Maynard Keynes
    • Ex: Government bailing out banks, Social Security Act
24
Q

Wagner Act

A
  • New Deal law that abolished unfair laborpractices
    • recognized the right of employees to organize/joinlabor unions
    • gave workers the right to collectivebargaining
    • Protected labor workers/ people of labor unions
25
Q

Collective Bargaining

A
  • If workers want to go on strike, can submit their complaints to 3rd party
    • 3rd party talks about the complaints with company
    • Compromise
    • Consequence of Wagner Act
26
Q

Fair Labor Standards Act

A
  • 1938 law that set a minimumwage (25 cents), a maximum workweek of 44 hours
    • outlawedchild labor
    • Minimum wage was gradually raised
27
Q

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

A
  • labor organizationfounded in the 1930s that represented industrialworkers
    • Established by John L Lewis w/ other labor works
    • Created because of the American Federation of Labor’s reluctance to organize workers in major industries
    • Targets: lower paid, more ethnically diverse than AFL
    • Staged a sit-down strike at General Motors most important plant: refused to leave until settlement was reached
      • Lasted 44 days
28
Q

Sit-down Strike

A
  • labor protest in which workers stop working

- occupy the workplace until their demands aremet

29
Q

Black Cabinet

A
  • When FDR invited many African Americans to advise him in making decisions
    • Ex: William Hastie, Robert Weaver, Mary McLeod Bethune
30
Q

Indian New Deal

A
  • 1930s legislation that gave Indiansgreater control over their affairs and provided fundingfor schools and hospitals (can embrace their culture)
    • Made to prevent further loss of land and improve living conditions of Native Americans
    • Children used to be assimilated into white culture
    • Major shift in treatment of Native Americans
31
Q

Federal Art Project

A
  • division of the Works ProgressAdministration
    • hired unemployed artists to createartworks for public buildings
    • sponsored art educationprograms and exhibitions
32
Q

Mural

A
  • a large picture painted directly on a wall or ceiling

- Usually created by artists who were part of the Federal Art Project

33
Q

Dorothea Lange

A
  • Farm Security Administration Photographer
    • Created powerful images of impoverished farmers & migrant workers
    • Ex: “Migrant Mother”
34
Q

How did the social, political, and economic landscape change for future generations?

A
  • Political:
    - New Deal Coalition
    • Economic:
      • Priming the Pump
      • Creation of Social Welfare State
  • Social
    - Improvements for African Americans
    - Mary McLeod Bethune
    - Black Cabinet