Chapter 22 Flashcards
1
Q
Fireside Chat
A
- informal radio broadcast in which FDRexplained issues and New Deal programs to averageAmericans
- Done every week (first president to do this)
- Inspired and provided confidence to American people (We have nothing to fear but fear itself)
- The first chat was about the banks during the 4 day bank holiday
2
Q
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
A
- FDIC
- governmentagency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeingthat depositors’ money will be safe
- Insured up to 5,000 dollars
- Done to encourage people to deposit, as well as know that it is protected
- Created by the Glass-Steagall law
- SEC made the stock market a safer place for investments
- Stabilized the stock market
3
Q
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
A
- government agencythat built dams in the Tennessee River valley to controlflooding and generate electric power (first time in history they had electricity and indoor plumbing)
- Creates jobs
- Works project run by the federal government
- Created industry there because of the promise of cheap power
- form of socialism
4
Q
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
A
- New Deal programthat provided more than 2 million young men with relief jobs on environmentalconservation projects, including reforestation and floodcontrol
- Would clean out the areas, do landscaping
- The men who did the work were housed, clothed, and fed (got paid and sent the money home)
- Eventually became more inclusive by extending training to Mexican Americans as well
5
Q
John Maynard Keynes
A
- Economist
- Deficit spending to get out of debt
- Government can borrow money, but must be able to get rid of deficit (4.4 Billion dollar deficit)
- Pay people to work on the public works project, and money will circulate throughout the system= Pump Priming
- Ex: Public works
6
Q
Social Security Act
A
- 1935 law that set up a pension systemfor retirees
- established unemployment insurance for workers who lost their jobs
- created insurance for victims of work-related accidents
- also provided aid for poverty-stricken mothers and children,the blind, and the disabled
- Did not apply to domestics or farmers (African Americans were not eligible)
- Widows received less money than widowers
7
Q
Court Packing
A
- Court can decide if a law can be passed or not
- FDR plan to add up to six new justices tothe nine-member Supreme Court after the Court hadruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional
- The checks and balance system would have been upset if this had been allowed (congress did not approve)
8
Q
Mary McLeod Bethune
A
- African American women (first AA woman to have to have this high position)
- Director of African American affairs in the federal government
- Member of the Black Cabinet
- Liked the New Deal, “New Day for African Americans”
9
Q
New Deal Coalition
A
- political force formed by diversegroups who united to support Franklin D. Roosevelt andhis New Deal
- White southern
- White Urbans
- African Americans
- Farmers
- All 4 tended to vote democratic
10
Q
Welfare State
A
- Pensions, medicare
- Creates a large government, social security
- Government is responsible for its citizens
- government that assumes responsibility forproviding for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, andunemployed
- Improvement because most american citizens (excluding veterans) did not recieve benefits from the federal government
- 30% of the government budget today
- Ex of Priming the Pump because money would circulate throughout the system
11
Q
Frank Capra
A
- Hollywood Director
- American Idealism films
- Characters were everyday people struggling w/ hardships
- Mr. Smith goes to Washington
- Jimmy Stewart plays a man chosen to be a senator
- Finds that politics are corrupt, fights back
12
Q
John Steinbeck
A
- American author
- Wrote about hardships in America (The Dust Bowl)
- Wrote Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men
13
Q
Lillian Hellman
A
- Playwright
- New Orleans native
- Plays: “The Children’s Hour”, “The Little Foxes”, and “Watch on the Rhine”
- Creates female heroines
- Began a movement in society where women were far more relevant, became more equal
14
Q
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
A
- Ran 4 consecutive terms (1933-1945)
- Fireside Chats
- Guiding USA through WWII and Great Depression
- Developed the Polio virus (infantile Paralysis) from slipping off his boat into the Atlantic Ocean (wheel chair)
- Ran during the 1932 election as a democrat (won)
- Served as Woodrow Wilson’s Assistant Secretary of the Navy
- 1920 election: Democratic vice president nominee
- 1928: Elected governor of New York
- Created the “New Deal”/ Modern Welfare State
- Died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1945
15
Q
Eleanor Roosevelt
A
- Distant cousin of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, got married
- Became deeply involved in public affairs
- Encouraged FDR to make a political comeback
- Served as FDR’s eyes and ears, interacting with Americans on his behalf
- When the Bonus Army marched on Washington, she sang with the Veterans and made them feel like the government cared
16
Q
New Deal
A
- programs and legislation enacted by Franklin D.Roosevelt during the Great Depression to promote economicrecovery and social reform
- Promised by FDR when he ran for president in 1932
- Believed the depression required strong action and leadership by the federal government
- The Three R’s
- Relief
- Providing direct relief to people who were struggling
- Recovery
- Achieve long term economic recovery
- Reform
- Certain aspects of the monetary system
- Made reforms to help prevent future depressions
- Relief
17
Q
National Recovery Administration
A
- NRA
- New Dealagency that promoted economic recovery by regulatingproduction, prices, and wages
- Headed by Harry Hopkins
- Created public works projects to create jobs
- Developed codes of fair competition to gover whole industries (help companies make a profit)
- Created minimum wage for workers as well as the minimum price for goods
18
Q
Public Works Administration
A
- New Deal agencythat provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings
- PWA
- Built bridges, dams, and public buildings
- Improved the nations infrastructure and created jobs
- Ex: Bonneville Dam, the Overseas Highway
19
Q
Father Charles Coughlin
A
- Roman Catholic Priest
- Weekly radio show
- Ended up not liking the New Deal (raw deal)
- Would use Anti-Semetic remarks
- Roman Catholic officials made him end his radio show
- Canadian (couldn’t run as president)
- Supported Huey Long
20
Q
Huey Long
A
- Anti- New Deal
- High taxes on wealthy and big businesses & redistribute money to poor (“Share our Wealth” program)
- Assassinated (shot by a doctor)
- Senator from Louisiana
21
Q
Second New Deal
A
- legislative activity begun by Franklin D.Roosevelt in 1935 to solve problems created by the GreatDepression
- Continuation of Relief, Recovery, and Reform (New Deal)
- Intervention of government to protect citizens
- Addresses the problems of the elderly, poor, unemployed, and farmers
- Created new public works projects
- Enacted measures to protect workers’ rights
22
Q
Works Progress Administration
A
- WPA
- Headed by Harry Hopkins
- Fixed highways, dredged rivers and harbors, promoted soil and water conservation
- Created programs in the arts/ artists
- Created jobs
- Led to a 4.4 Billion dollar spending deficit
23
Q
Pump Priming
A
- economic theory that favored public worksprojects because they put money into the hands of consumerswho would buy more goods, stimulating the economy
- Created by John Maynard Keynes
- Ex: Government bailing out banks, Social Security Act
24
Q
Wagner Act
A
- New Deal law that abolished unfair laborpractices
- recognized the right of employees to organize/joinlabor unions
- gave workers the right to collectivebargaining
- Protected labor workers/ people of labor unions
25
Q
Collective Bargaining
A
- If workers want to go on strike, can submit their complaints to 3rd party
- 3rd party talks about the complaints with company
- Compromise
- Consequence of Wagner Act
26
Q
Fair Labor Standards Act
A
- 1938 law that set a minimumwage (25 cents), a maximum workweek of 44 hours
- outlawedchild labor
- Minimum wage was gradually raised
27
Q
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
A
- labor organizationfounded in the 1930s that represented industrialworkers
- Established by John L Lewis w/ other labor works
- Created because of the American Federation of Labor’s reluctance to organize workers in major industries
- Targets: lower paid, more ethnically diverse than AFL
- Staged a sit-down strike at General Motors most important plant: refused to leave until settlement was reached
- Lasted 44 days
28
Q
Sit-down Strike
A
- labor protest in which workers stop working
- occupy the workplace until their demands aremet
29
Q
Black Cabinet
A
- When FDR invited many African Americans to advise him in making decisions
- Ex: William Hastie, Robert Weaver, Mary McLeod Bethune
30
Q
Indian New Deal
A
- 1930s legislation that gave Indiansgreater control over their affairs and provided fundingfor schools and hospitals (can embrace their culture)
- Made to prevent further loss of land and improve living conditions of Native Americans
- Children used to be assimilated into white culture
- Major shift in treatment of Native Americans
31
Q
Federal Art Project
A
- division of the Works ProgressAdministration
- hired unemployed artists to createartworks for public buildings
- sponsored art educationprograms and exhibitions
32
Q
Mural
A
- a large picture painted directly on a wall or ceiling
- Usually created by artists who were part of the Federal Art Project
33
Q
Dorothea Lange
A
- Farm Security Administration Photographer
- Created powerful images of impoverished farmers & migrant workers
- Ex: “Migrant Mother”
34
Q
How did the social, political, and economic landscape change for future generations?
A
- Political:
- New Deal Coalition- Economic:
- Priming the Pump
- Creation of Social Welfare State
- Economic:
- Social
- Improvements for African Americans
- Mary McLeod Bethune
- Black Cabinet
