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US History II > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Muckraker

A
  • writer who uncovers and exposes misconductin politics or business
  • People who wanted social justice
  • Nickname created by Theodore Roosevelt
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2
Q

Ida Tarbell

A
  • Exposed Standard Oil company

- Led to government regulation of oil companies

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3
Q

Upton Sinclair

A
  • “The Jungle”—> Survival of the Fittest
    • Only interested in profit
  • Meat packing industry
  • Preservatives, Nitrates flow into Lake Michigan(lake catches on fire)
  • Animal feces, sawdust (people sick or die)
  • Creates the FDA (food and medicine is inspected by the federal government)
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4
Q

Frank Noris

A
  • Railroads

- Muckraker

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5
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A
  • Wrote about political corruption (The Shame of the Cities)
  • Government of Philadelphia let utility companies charge their customers extremely high fees
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6
Q

Jacob Riis

A
  • Photographer
  • Theme: Homeless children exploited by businesses
  • Leads to Social Gospel & Child Labor Laws
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7
Q

Social Gospel

A
  • reform movement that emerged in the latenineteenth century that sought to improve society byapplying Christian principles
  • Provide assistance to those who cannot help themselves
  • Founded by Walter Rauschenbusch
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8
Q

Settlement House

A

-community center organized at the turnof the twentieth century to provide social services to theurban poor
-Shelter, food, clothes for the impoverished
Ex: Hull House

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9
Q

Jane Addams

A

-Created Hull House (settlement house)

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10
Q

Direct Primary

A

-election in which citizens themselves vote toselect nominees for upcoming elections

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11
Q

Initiative

A
  • process in which citizens put a proposed new lawdirectly on the ballot
  • Only for state stuff
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12
Q

Referendum

A

-process that allows citizens to approve orreject a law passed by a legislature

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13
Q

Recall

A

-process by which voters can remove elected officialsfrom office before their terms end

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14
Q

Florence Kelley

A
  • Believed women were hurt by the unfair prices of the goods they needed to run their homes
  • Founded the National Consumers League (NCL) (Still around today)
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15
Q

National Consumers League (NCL)

A
  • group organized in1899 to investigate the conditions under which goodswere made and sold and to promote safe working conditionsand a minimum wage
  • Put special labels on goods so people would only buy those things
  • Asked the government to inspect meatpacking plants, make workplaces safer, andd help the unemployed
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16
Q

Temperance Movement

A
  • Led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
  • Promoted never drinking alcohol
  • Believed men wasted their paychecks on liquor, abuse their families, and beat their wives
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17
Q

Margaret Sanger

A
  • Nurse who believed that families’ lives would improve mothers would have fewer children
  • Opened the first birth control clinic (American Birth Control League)
  • Jailed as a public nuisance
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18
Q

Ida B Wells

A
  • Black teacher
  • Helped form the National Association of Colored Women
  • Helped families strive for success and assist those who are less fortunate
  • Used money earned to set up day-care centers for african american children
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19
Q

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

A
  • group founded in 1890 that worked on both thestate and national levels to earn women the right to vote
  • Reenergized by Carrie Chapman Catt (president)
  • Tried to use Referendum laws to get suffrage
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20
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt

A
  • reenergized the national suffrage movement
  • Studied law and worked as one of the country’s first female school superintendent
  • Traveled around the country to urge women to join the National American Woman Suffrage Association
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21
Q

Alice Paul

A
  • Well know leader of the NAWSA
  • Earned her Ph. D from the University of Pennsylvania
  • Formed the National Woman’s Party (Used public protest)
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22
Q

Nineteenth Amendment

A

-constitutional amendment thatgave women the right to vote

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23
Q

Americanization

A
  • Trying to get immigrants to live an American lifestyle
  • Teaching immigrants English
  • Dress like middle class citizens
  • Get rid of their foods and customs
24
Q

Booker T Washington

A
  • Born a slave
  • Said African Americans should accommodate themselves to segregation
    • Shouldn’t focus on overturning Jim Crowe
    • Build their economic resources & establish reputation as hard working, honest citizens
  • Teacher in Alabama
25
Q

WEB Du Bois

A
  • Native to Great Barrington Massachusetts
  • PHD from Harvard
  • Criticized Washington for his willingness to accommodate southern whites
  • Said blacks should demand full and immediate equality & should not limit themselves
  • Should have to earn the right to vote
  • Radical ways to bring about change (Not violence)
26
Q

Niagara Movement

A
  • group of African American thinkersfounded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms,particularly in education and voting practices
  • Associated WEB Du Bois
  • Against gradual movement
27
Q

National Associate for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A
  • interracial organization founded in 1909to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achievepolitical and civil rights for African Americans
  • For middle class african americans
  • Around today
28
Q

Urban League

A
  • network of churches and clubs that set upemployment agencies and relief efforts to help AfricanAmericans get settled and find work in the cities
  • For poor African Americans
  • Around today
29
Q

Anti-Defamation League

A

-Created to help Jewish Americans against stereotypes

30
Q

Mutualistas

A

-organized groups of Mexican Americans thatmake loans and provide legal assistance to other membersof their community

31
Q

Progressivism

A
  • movement that responded to the pressuresof industrialization and urbanization by promotingreforms
  • New ideas could bring about social justice
32
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A
  • Became president because William McKinley was assassinated
  • Youngest man to become president (43)
  • Creates the Square Deal
  • Loves nature (Started the National Park System)
  • Gets mad because Taft sells off some of the National Park
33
Q

Square Deal

A
  • President Theodore Roosevelt’s program ofreforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from takingadvantage of small business owners and the poor
  • Compared to a deck of cards (even playing field)
  • The poor are given many opportunities to succeed
  • Ensure the poor get a Square Deal by:
    • Provides low interest loans so people can get an education
    • Breaks up monopolies
    • Markets serve the consumer
  • Leads to Modern Social Welfare System
  • Government takes an active role in peoples lives
34
Q

Hepburn Act

A
  • 1906 law that gave the government theauthority to set railroad rates and maximum prices forferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines
  • Ex of square deal
  • Gives the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) power
35
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A
  • 1906 law that allowed the federalgovernment to inspect meat sold across state lines andrequired federal inspection of meat processing plants
  • Protects the consumer from greedy big businesses
36
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A

-1906 law that allowed federalinspection of food and medicine and banned the interstateshipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling offood and drugs

37
Q

John Muir

A
  • California naturalist
  • Efforts led to Congress creating Yosemite National Park in 1890
  • Because of Muir, Roosevelt set aside 100 million acres of land to protect it
38
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A
  • Led the Division of Forestry (Part of the US Department of Agriculture)
  • Said forests should be preserved for public use
  • Head of the National Park System
39
Q

National Reclamation Act

A
  • 1902 law that gave the federalgovernment the power to decide where and how waterwould be distributed through the building and managementof dams and irrigation projects
  • Ensures that everyone has access to water
  • Roosevelt pushed this law
40
Q

New Nationalism

A
  • President Theodore Roosevelt’s plan torestore the government’s trust-busting power
  • Breaks up monopolies and trusts
41
Q

Progressive Party

A
  • Political party that emerged from theTaft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in1912
  • Embraces new Nationalism
42
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • Democratic candidate during the Election of 1912 (won)
    - Taft and Roosevelt split the republican vote
  • President of Princeton
  • 1912 to 1920 President
  • Led the USA through WWI
  • Federal trade comission
43
Q

New Freedom

A
  • Woodrow Wilson’s program to place governmentcontrols on corporations in order to benefit smallbusinesses
  • Strict government controls for large businesses
  • Helps small businesses get into their fields
44
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A
  • 1913 constitutional amendment thatgave Congress the authority to levy an income tax
  • Creates Graduated income tax:
    • The more money you make, the more money you are taxed
  • Underwood Tariff Act
    • 1913
    • Required by law to paw income tax
45
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A
  • 1913 law that placed national banksunder the control of a Federal Reserve Board
  • Sets up regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercialbanks
  • sets interest rates
  • supervises commercialbanks
  • Stabilize financial aspects of the American Economy
46
Q

Federal Trade Comission

A
  • Government agencyestablished in 1914 to identify monopolistic businesspractices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling
  • Monitor big businesses and prevent monopolies
  • Strengthen the competitive marketplace
47
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act

A
  • Saying what activities businesses could not engage in
  • Strengthens the Sherman Antitrust Act
  • Helps get rid of monopolies
48
Q

William Howard Taft

A
  • Liked high tariffs (help US businesses)

- Fought with Roosevelt on tariffs and conservation

49
Q

Mann Elkins Act

A
  • During Taft’s presidency
  • Expanded authority of the Interstate Commerce Comission
  • Helps the Hepburn Act
50
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

-Instituted the direct election of senators by the people of each state

51
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A

-Banned the making, selling, and transporting of alcoholic beverages in the United States

52
Q

Adamson Act

A
  • Wanted to prevent a nationwide railroad strike (Wilson)
  • Would have stopped the shipment of coal and food
    - Would leave people cold and hungry
  • Did not occur
53
Q

Why Muckrakers successful

A
  • Access to an audience (newpapers, magazines)

- Able to evoke emotions

54
Q

Ludlow Massacre

A
  • People of Ludlow, Colorado who were coal miners
  • Wanted safer working conditions, higher pay, and the right to form a union
  • Striked
  • National Guard opened fire onto tents, killing 26 women, men, and children
55
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

A
  • Focused attention to the need to protect workers
  • Raging fire killed the workers because doors were locked
  • People jumped from the windows
  • Led to progressives intensifying their call for reform
56
Q

Social Darwinism

A
  • Ex: Monopolies
  • Survival of the fittest
  • Belief that some people are just better than others, same with businesses

US History II (17 decks)

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