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US History II > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Extractive Economy

A
  • economy in a colony where the colonizingcountry removed raw materials and shipped themback home to benefit its own economy
    • Ex: Hawaii: Fruit, Sugar Cane
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2
Q

Alfred T Mahan

A
  • Writes a book about why people need a navy (The Influence of Sea Power Upon History)
    - To protect America’s shores
    - To protect American lives and property abroad
    - Ex: Jefferson & the Barbary Pirates
    - To protect commercial trade (sea lanes)
    - Arab states were threatening oil tankers
    - To project American power abroad
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3
Q

Social Darwinism

A
  • Survival of the fittest
    • Cultures that are attacked by American Culture get swallowed up
    • Certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over the inferior
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4
Q

Frederick Jackson Turner

A
  • Historian (Significance of the frontier in American History)
    • Urged oversea expansion so we can avoid internal conflict
    • The frontier had supplied an arena where people could achieve a fresh start
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5
Q

Matthew Perry

A
  • Leads a commercial ship to Japan to start trade
    • Sails to capital of Japan and says he will shoot unless they agree to trade
    • Creates the Treaty of Kanagawa
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6
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A
  • Queen of Hawaii
    • Her brother died and she became queen
    • Resented the increasing power of white planters, who owned most of the Hawaiian land
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7
Q

José Martí

A
  • Cuban

- Leader in the Cuban Freedom Movement

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8
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A
  • Heightened the public’s dislike for the Spanish using his newspaper
    - Exaggerated Spanish atrocities
    • Wrote the New York Journal
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9
Q

Yellow Press

A
  • Newspapers that used sensational headlinesand exaggerated stories in order to promote readership
    • Ex: Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World, William Randolph Heart’s New York Journal
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10
Q

Jingoism

A
  • Aggressive nationalism
    • America promoted war with Spain, which inflamed their relations with them
    • Exs of Jingoes: Theodore Roosevelt, HC Lodge
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11
Q

George Dewey

A
  • Commander of the American Pacific Fleet
    • Leads fleet to Manila Bay in the Philippines
    • Attacks Spanish fleet and wins
    • Hero
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12
Q

Emilio Aguínaldo

A
  • Filipino
    • Wanted independence and freedom for the Philippines (fought usa for it)
    • Led an insurrection against US rule
    • Captured in 1901
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13
Q

Rough Riders

A
  • Created by Theodore Roosevelt
    • Group of men, consisting of rugged westernersand upper-class easterners who fought during theSpanish-American War
    • Go to Cuba from Tampa
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14
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • Ended the Spanish-American war
    • America gained Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba
    • Sold the Philippines to America for 20 Million
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15
Q

Teller Amendment

A
  • Created when the USA declared war on Spain
    • USA has no intention of annexing Cuba
    • Prevented USA from taking control of Cuba when the war ended
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16
Q

Causes of the Spanish-American War

A
  1. Spanish presence in Cuba is a violation of the Monroe Doctrine
  2. Empathy and Sympathy for the Cuban people (want freedom)
    • Teller Amendment—> Platt Amendment (limits on Cuban independence)
  3. American Business interests in Cuba (Fruit, sugar, tobacco)
  4. “Yellow Press”
    • William Randolph Heart and Joseph Pulitzer
      • Promoted war with Spain (wanted to earn more money for their newspapers)
  5. “Jingoes”- Americans avidly in support of war (Theodore Roosevelt, HC Lodge)
  6. Destruction of the USS Maine
    • Anchored in Havana Harbor
    • Blows up and kills over 200 Americans
    • Blames Spain
    • America declares war
17
Q

Insurrection

A
  • Rebellion

- Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo led an insurrection against the US

18
Q

Guerrilla Warfare

A
  • Nontraditional combat methods

- Small bands of fighters to attack behind enemy lines

19
Q

William Howard Taft

A
  • Became governor of the Philippines (Filipinos have no rights)
    • Builds naval base
    • Wanted to help the Philippines rebuilt after war: built schools, roads, and bridges
    • Jones Act: Creates Filipino freedom
20
Q

Sphere of Influence

A

-A region dominated and controlled byan outside power

21
Q

John Hay

A
  • USA Secretary of State
    • Said US expected “perfect equality of treatment for commerce” in China
    • Created the Open Door Policy (US only wanted free trade in China, not colonies)
22
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A
  • Violence started by members of a secretsociety in China

- Prompted the governments ofEurope and America to send troops to squash the rebellion

23
Q

Open Door Policy

A
  • American statement that the governmentdid not want colonies in China, but favored freetrade there
    • Reasserted by John Hay after Boxer Rebellion
24
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A
  • Started with sneak attack
    • A war between Japan and Russia in1904 over the presence of Russian troops in Manchuria
    • Theodore Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace prize by negotiating the end of the war in Portsmouth NH
25
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A
  • Pact between the UnitedStates and Japan to end segregation of Asian children inSan Francisco public schools
    • In return, Japan agreed tolimit the immigration of its citizens to the United States
26
Q

Great White Fleet

A

-Battleships sent by Roosevelt in 1907 ona “good will cruise” around the world

27
Q

Imperialism

A
  • political, military, social, and economic domination ofstrong nations over weaker territories
    • Americans believe their way of life is the best way of life
    • Ex: Hawaii
      • USA wanted as a whaling port (deep water port)
      • Stores coal
28
Q

Foraker Act

A
  • law establishing a civil government in Puerto Rico -People of Puerto Rico can elect their own officials
    • President of USA chooses the governor
29
Q

Platt Amendment

A
  • set of conditions under which Cuba wasgranted independence in 1902
    • including restrictions onrights of Cubans
    • granting to the U.S. the “right tointervene” to preserve order in Cuba
    • USA going back on their words from Teller Amendment
    • Prevented Cuban treaties without USA approval
    • USA right to intervene when Cuba is threatened
    • Cuba is not sovereign
    • USA has naval base in Cuba w/ marines
30
Q

Big Stick Diplomacy

A
  • Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of creatingusing, when necessary, a strong military toachieve America’s goals
    • Ex: Great White Fleet
      • Projects American power (Deterent)
31
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • human-made waterway linking the Atlanticto the Pacific across the Isthmus of Panama
    • Leads to the discovery that mosquitoes carry Yellow Fever and Malaria
    • Afterwards, they build a canal
    • Helps move comercial ships from Pacific to Atlantic and vice versa
    • Theodore Roosevelt gave Panama independence from Columbia so they could build the canal
32
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A
  • President Theodore Roosevelt’sreassertion of the Monroe Doctrine to keep the WesternHemisphere free from intervention by European powers
    • USA pays off debt of the Western Hemisphere that they owe to Eastern Hemisphere
33
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A
  • President Taft’s policy of expandingAmerican investments abroad
    • Get involved in Latin America to increase economy
34
Q

Moral Diplomacy

A
  • Woodrow Wilson’s statement that theU.S. would not use force to assert influence in the world,but would instead work to promote human rights (basic freedoms)
    • Everyone in the world should have basic human rights, people feel they have an opportunity to make a living
    • Fight in wars for other countries
35
Q

Francisco “Pancho” Villa

A
  • Mexican Bandit
    • Crosses boarder, kills people in New Mexico, robs a bank, goes back to Mexico
    • Sends American Army into Mexico to catch Villa
    • Never is caught
36
Q

What actions did USA take to obtain land in Latin America?

A
  • Dollar Diplomacy
    • Big Stick Diplomacy: USS Maine sent to Cuba to project American power and protect American interest in Cuba
    • Roosevelt Corollary:
      • Monroe Doctrine is followed (Eastern Hemisphere cannot interfere with Western Hemisphere)
    • Panama Canal:
      • Roosevelt wants to build Panama Canal
      • Approaches Columbia, who says no
      • Gives Panama their freedom so we can build it
37
Q

Social Darwinism and How Imperialists use it

A

-Survival of the fittest
-Stronger nations were destined to take over weaker territories
Ex: Hawaii
-USA starts with Americans having interest in Hawaii such as sugar cane and pineapple
-US officials with USA planters overthrew Queen Liliuokalani
-Stanford B Dole asked President Harrison to annex Hawaii to USA
-Annexation of Hawaii occurred during Cleveland’s Presidency

US History II (17 decks)

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