Chapter 24 Flashcards
1
Q
George S Patton Jr.
A
- Instills fighting spirit into the US troops
- In command of the troops in North Arica (Given to him by Eisenhower)
- Great Leader
- General
- Tours American hospital and hands out metals of decorations (Purple Heart)
- Some boy was afraid in the hospital and he (the boy) was slapped
- Patten was fired, but they gave him his job back
- Religious
- Wanted to attack Russia (Eisenhower said no)
- Known as “Blood and Guts”
2
Q
Unconditional Surrender
A
- giving up completely withoutany concessions
- Enemy can give up, and the other people can punish however they want
- Controversial: Don’t make peace treaties
3
Q
Saturation Bombing
A
- tactic of dropping massive amountsof bombs in order to inflict maximum damage
- Attack civilians
- Goal: Drop bombs in areas to inflict damage in entire area (factories)
- Wasn’t always accurate
4
Q
Strategic Bombing
A
- tactic of dropping bombs on key politicaland industrial targets
- Target places that support the war (factories)
- Idea: Hope that people would surrender
5
Q
Tuskegee Airmen
A
- African American squadron that escortedbombers in the air war over Europe during World WarII
- Wanted by Eleanor Roosevelt
- Males were trained to be fighter pilots
- Had over 1,500 missions in Europe
- Didn’t loose a single airman
6
Q
Chester Nimitz
A
- Commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific (biggest ocean in the world)
- Knew Admiral Yamamoto’s plans to destroy American aircraft carriers at Midway
- Sent his only available aircraft carriers to Midway
7
Q
Battle of Midway
A
- Japan planned to destroy American aircraft carriers at Midway (USA naval base @ central pacific)
- June 4th 1942
- They were going to invade Midway Island
- Japanese had more aircraft carries than us
- We sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers
- First battle fought were both could not see each other
- turning point of World War II in thePacific, in which the Japanese advance was stopped
- Japan was now on the defensive
- Could no longer attack Hawaii or dominate the Pacific
- Greatest American Naval Battle in history
8
Q
A Phillip Randolph
A
- Stressed the double V campaign: Victory against racism at home and fascism abroad
- African American Labor leader
- “African American will no longer accept second class citizenship
- Demanded the right to work and fight for our country
- Presented Roosevelt with a list of demands
- End of discriminatory practices in government funded training, employment, and armed services
- Took steps to organize a protest march in Washington DC
- Roosevelt thought this would undermine the unity of the nation during a time of war create propaganda
9
Q
Executive Order 8802
A
- World War II measure that assuredfair hiring practices in any job funded by the government
- Forced the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce there practices
- Created by Roosevelt to help avoid Randolph’s march on Washington
- Led to African Americans join organizations that promoted equal rights (NAACP)
10
Q
Bracero Program
A
- Plan that brought laborers from Mexicoto work on American farms
- Mexicans cross the border for jobs (encouraged by the government)
- Meant to alleviate the rural population drain
- During the war, several hundred thousands braceros migrated to the USA
- Led to decades of migratory labor in the West
11
Q
Internment
A
- temporary imprisonment of members of a specificgroup
- Japanese American people were put isolated camps in Arizona, Poston, and Gila River Indian Reservation
- Children went to school in the camps, people were huddled together in one room shacks and bunk-houses
- Suffered from food shortages and sufficient medical care
- Kept behind fences and barbed wire, guarded by American soldiers
- Usually did jobs that helped the war effort
- Released when the war ended
- Lost homes, valuables, jobs/businesses
12
Q
442nd Regimental Combat Team
A
- World War II unitmade up of Japanese American volunteers
- Helped counter the notion that Japanese Americans were not loyal citizens
- Most decorated military unit in American history & highest causality figures
- People who were put into internment camps were automatically drafted into the war
13
Q
Rationing
A
- government-controlled limits on the amount of certaingoods that civilians could buy during wartime
- Ex: Butter, tires, gasoline, oil- form of economic control
- Issued coupon books that limited the amount of things that people could buy
- Insured things like rubber and oil found their way into wartime production
- Because of this, black market is created
- Nylon was created (silk and wool was no longer used for tights)
14
Q
Office of War Information (OWI)
A
- government agencythat encouraged support of the war effort during WorldWar II
- Worked closely with the media
- Tried to minimize racial and economic divisions, Downplay poverty and crime, and spotlighted common needs
- The film industry reminded people that they were in a struggle between democracy and dictatorship
- Frank Capra: Why We Fight (why we need to fight fascism)
- Victory Gardens, recycling etc
15
Q
D-Day
A
- June 6, 1944
- The day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France
- Allies hit German forces (Most import WWII Battle)
- The war will be over in less than a year because of this invasion
- Commander was Dwight Eisenhower
16
Q
Battle of the Bulge
A
- Last major battle fought in Europe WWII
- Germans use all resources to fight the Allies
- Ally advantage: We control the sky
- We attacked German positions from the sky (bad weather didn’t prevent this)
17
Q
Harry S Truman
A
- Became President after FDR died
- President during VE Day
- Told that we are building a bomb, was delighted
18
Q
Island Hopping
A
- Cut off war supplies to Japan
- World War II strategy
- involved seizingselected Japanese-held islands in the Pacific whilebypassing others
19
Q
Kamikaze
A
-Japanese pilots who deliberately crashedplanes into American ships during World War II
20
Q
Albert Einstein
A
- Alerted the USA about a creation of a bomb in Germany
- Atomic Nuclear Physicist
- Won the Nobel Peace Prize
21
Q
Manhattan Project
A
- Code name of the project that developedthe atomic bomb for USA
- Las Alamos in New Mexico had a secret facility
22
Q
J Robert Oppenheimer
A
-Created the atomic bomb for USA, Manhattan Project
23
Q
Holocaust
A
- Nazis kill all Jews under their control
- name now used to describe the systematic murderby the Nazis of Jews and other undesirables
- Stems from anti-semitism
- Example of a genocide
- Aryan Race (white, Anglo-Saxon, Nordic, germanic) was unharmed
24
Q
Anti-Semitism
A
- prejudice and discrimination against Jewishpeople
- Blamed Jews for all illnesses, communism, inflation, abstract painting, and German defeat during WWI
25
Q
Nuremberg Laws
A
- laws enacted by Hitler that deniedGerman citizenship to Jews
- Named after the city that was the spiritual center of Nazism
- German-Jews were sterilized (Prevented from having children)
- Legalized anti-semitism
- Segregated segregation of Jews in every society
- Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews
26
Q
Kristallnacht
A
- “Night of the Broken Glass,”
- organizedattacks on Jewish communities in Germany
- 1,000s of Jews sent to concentration camp
- After Jewish refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris
- Destroyed synagogues (1,500) and Jewish businesses(7,500), killed 200 Jews, and injured around 600
- November 9, 1938
27
Q
Genocide
A
- willful annihilation of a racial, political, or culturalgroup
- Ex: The Holocaust
28
Q
Concentration Camp
A
- Earliest camps: Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald
- Ravensbruck: Concentration camp for females only
- Originally used to turn them into useful citizens
- camps used by the Nazis to imprison“undesirable” members of society
- Undesirables: Homosexuals, physically and mentally disabled, gypsies, labor leaders, Jehovah’s Witnesses, beggars, drunkards, conscientious objectors
- Wore colored triangles: Jews yellow, homosexuals pink, Jehovahs Witnesses purple
- Death by starvation or disease
- Conducted medical experiments at Dachau (killed or deformed inmates)
- 5,000 mentally & physically disabled
- Concentrate the population
29
Q
Death Camps
A
- Nazi camp designed for the extermination ofprisoners
- Nazi concentration camps whose purpose was to kill off people who were not useful
30
Q
War Refugee Board
A
- Used to locate survivors of concentration camps, especially in Romania and Hungary
- Worked with the Red Cross
31
Q
Dwight Eisenhower
A
- Head of USA Army in Europe eventually in WWII
- Graduate of West Point
- After WWII, elected President 1952-1960
- Commanded the Allied invasion in North Africa
32
Q
Yalta Convention
A
- 1945 strategy meeting betweenRoosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
- Resort on the Crimean Sea
- Talked about what would be done to post war Germany, Asia, and Eastern Europe
- Agreed Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania would hold free elections
- Stalin later broke this promise
- All agree to Join the United Nations
- Russia agrees to declare war on Japan
33
Q
Superpower
A
- powerful country that plays a dominant economic,political, and military role in the world
- Exs: United States and Soviet Union after WWII (Become rivals)
- Precursor to the Cold War
- Exs: United States and Soviet Union after WWII (Become rivals)
34
Q
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
A
- Post WWII Treaty
- Designed to expand world trade by reducing/removing tariffs and taxes
- Tries to create a global free market
- Competitive market now
- Favors the American Economy
35
Q
United Nations
A
- organization founded in 1945 to promotepeace
- Similar to the League of Nations
- 50 Nations met in San Francisco to sign a charter
- Set up a permanent home in New York City
- Helped create the Jewish state of Israel
- Collective Security: Everyone will protect one another
- Security Council: USA, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, China
36
Q
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
A
- documentissued by the UN to promote basic human rights andfreedoms
- Condemns slavery and torture
- Upholds Freedom of speech and religion
- Freedom, justice, and peace
- “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing for him and his family”
37
Q
Geneva Convention
A
- international agreement governingthe humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisonersof war
- Have to give to captain name, rank, and serial number
- Repeatedly violated by the Axis Powers during WWII
- Allies tried thousands of people for committing atrocities of war (Hundreds condemned to death)
38
Q
Nuremberg Trials
A
- Trials in which Nazi leaders werecharged with war crimes
- Showed the evils of the Third Reich
- Ex of person tried: Hermann Goring
- Prosecutors described the crimes (Horrors of the Holocaust)
- Said they were just obeying their superiors (Not valid excuse)
