Chapter 24 Flashcards
1
Q
George S Patton Jr.
A
- Instills fighting spirit into the US troops
- In command of the troops in North Arica (Given to him by Eisenhower)
- Great Leader
- General
- Tours American hospital and hands out metals of decorations (Purple Heart)
- Some boy was afraid in the hospital and he (the boy) was slapped
- Patten was fired, but they gave him his job back
- Religious
- Wanted to attack Russia (Eisenhower said no)
- Known as “Blood and Guts”
2
Q
Unconditional Surrender
A
- giving up completely withoutany concessions
- Enemy can give up, and the other people can punish however they want
- Controversial: Don’t make peace treaties
3
Q
Saturation Bombing
A
- tactic of dropping massive amountsof bombs in order to inflict maximum damage
- Attack civilians
- Goal: Drop bombs in areas to inflict damage in entire area (factories)
- Wasn’t always accurate
4
Q
Strategic Bombing
A
- tactic of dropping bombs on key politicaland industrial targets
- Target places that support the war (factories)
- Idea: Hope that people would surrender
5
Q
Tuskegee Airmen
A
- African American squadron that escortedbombers in the air war over Europe during World WarII
- Wanted by Eleanor Roosevelt
- Males were trained to be fighter pilots
- Had over 1,500 missions in Europe
- Didn’t loose a single airman
6
Q
Chester Nimitz
A
- Commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific (biggest ocean in the world)
- Knew Admiral Yamamoto’s plans to destroy American aircraft carriers at Midway
- Sent his only available aircraft carriers to Midway
7
Q
Battle of Midway
A
- Japan planned to destroy American aircraft carriers at Midway (USA naval base @ central pacific)
- June 4th 1942
- They were going to invade Midway Island
- Japanese had more aircraft carries than us
- We sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers
- First battle fought were both could not see each other
- turning point of World War II in thePacific, in which the Japanese advance was stopped
- Japan was now on the defensive
- Could no longer attack Hawaii or dominate the Pacific
- Greatest American Naval Battle in history
8
Q
A Phillip Randolph
A
- Stressed the double V campaign: Victory against racism at home and fascism abroad
- African American Labor leader
- “African American will no longer accept second class citizenship
- Demanded the right to work and fight for our country
- Presented Roosevelt with a list of demands
- End of discriminatory practices in government funded training, employment, and armed services
- Took steps to organize a protest march in Washington DC
- Roosevelt thought this would undermine the unity of the nation during a time of war create propaganda
9
Q
Executive Order 8802
A
- World War II measure that assuredfair hiring practices in any job funded by the government
- Forced the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce there practices
- Created by Roosevelt to help avoid Randolph’s march on Washington
- Led to African Americans join organizations that promoted equal rights (NAACP)
10
Q
Bracero Program
A
- Plan that brought laborers from Mexicoto work on American farms
- Mexicans cross the border for jobs (encouraged by the government)
- Meant to alleviate the rural population drain
- During the war, several hundred thousands braceros migrated to the USA
- Led to decades of migratory labor in the West
11
Q
Internment
A
- temporary imprisonment of members of a specificgroup
- Japanese American people were put isolated camps in Arizona, Poston, and Gila River Indian Reservation
- Children went to school in the camps, people were huddled together in one room shacks and bunk-houses
- Suffered from food shortages and sufficient medical care
- Kept behind fences and barbed wire, guarded by American soldiers
- Usually did jobs that helped the war effort
- Released when the war ended
- Lost homes, valuables, jobs/businesses
12
Q
442nd Regimental Combat Team
A
- World War II unitmade up of Japanese American volunteers
- Helped counter the notion that Japanese Americans were not loyal citizens
- Most decorated military unit in American history & highest causality figures
- People who were put into internment camps were automatically drafted into the war
13
Q
Rationing
A
- government-controlled limits on the amount of certaingoods that civilians could buy during wartime
- Ex: Butter, tires, gasoline, oil- form of economic control
- Issued coupon books that limited the amount of things that people could buy
- Insured things like rubber and oil found their way into wartime production
- Because of this, black market is created
- Nylon was created (silk and wool was no longer used for tights)
14
Q
Office of War Information (OWI)
A
- government agencythat encouraged support of the war effort during WorldWar II
- Worked closely with the media
- Tried to minimize racial and economic divisions, Downplay poverty and crime, and spotlighted common needs
- The film industry reminded people that they were in a struggle between democracy and dictatorship
- Frank Capra: Why We Fight (why we need to fight fascism)
- Victory Gardens, recycling etc
15
Q
D-Day
A
- June 6, 1944
- The day Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France
- Allies hit German forces (Most import WWII Battle)
- The war will be over in less than a year because of this invasion
- Commander was Dwight Eisenhower
