Chapter 11 Flashcards
Anaconda Plan
-Northern Civil War strategy to starve theSouth by blockading seaports and controlling theMississippi River
Border States
- During the Civil War, the states that allowedslavery but remained in the Union
- Delaware, Kentucky,Maryland, and Missouri
- Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeus corpus: arrests anyone who threatens the union
Shiloh
- 1862 Civil War battle
- 25,000 Unionand Confederate troops were killed or wounded(2 days)
- Grant: General of the Union Army during this battle
- 20 miles away when Confederates attacked
- Once back, leads the army
- 20 miles away when Confederates attacked
- Albert Sydney Johnson: General of Confederate Army
- Dies, attack is stalled, Grant gets back
Robert E. Lee
- Came from influential family
- During Mexican War, decorated for bravery
- Denied command of Union army because Virginia might secede
- Accepted command of the Confederate Army of the South
- Outstanding record in the military
- Did not like the idea of slavery and succession, but did not want to fight with the Union
Stonewall Jackson
- Nickname for Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson
- Led a stand during the Battle of Bull Run that led the North to retreat
- Named after his refusal to yield to the Union army
Blockade
- Military tactic in which a navy prevents vesselsfrom entering or leaving its enemy’s ports
- Prevent cotton from getting to Europe
- Prevent European goods from getting to South
George B. McClellan
- The replacement for General Irvin McDowell of the North after the Battle of Bull Run
- Organized the Army of the Potomac
- Fighting:
- Reluctant to commit so many troops to battle
- Hates that people die (reluctant)
Ulysess S Grant
- “Unconditional Surrender Grant”
- General of the Union Army
- Pursued the Mississippi Valley wing of the Anaconda Plan
- Captured 2 Confederate Army strongholds: Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
- drove Confederate forces from western Kentucky and Tennessee
- Fought in the Battle of Shiloh
- 25,000 Confederate and Union soldiers killed
- Ruined Grant’s rep
Contraband
- Supplies captured from an enemy duringwartime
- Slaves captured: executed or sent back to slavery in South if South won
Battle of Antietam
- 1862 Civil War battle in which 23,000 troopswere killed or wounded in one day
- Battle won by Union because they know the battle plan
- Robert E. Lee invades North but is driven out because a paper plan is found
- Afterwards Emancipation Proclamation is published because Abraham views this as victory
Emancipation Proclamation
- January 1st 1863
- Decree by President Lincolnthat freed enslaved people living in Confederate states
- Only frees slaves in Confederacy, not the Boarder States
- Abraham wants:
- Support of Abolitionists
- Gain support from non-slavery countries (France, England ignore Confederacy)
- Set the Civil War on highly moral ground (about setting men free, another reason to fight war)
Militia Act
-1862 law that allowed African American soldiersto serve in the Union military
54th Massachusetts Regiment
-All black unit led by Union Colonel Robert Gould Shaw during the Civil War
Bonds
- Certificate bought from the government that promisesto pay the holder back the purchase amount plus interestat a future date
- Person loans money to government during war, gets bond, get money back + interest at a later date (after war)
- Shows that you believe that your area will win the war
- Could buy yourself out of military service, pay someone else to fight in war
Income Tax
- Tax that must be paid by individuals and corporationsbased on money earned
- 3% of people income, considered a lot of money
Homestead Act
- 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land tocitizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years
- Western land that was inexpensive, and you could build on it
Conscription
-Drafting of citizens into military service
Copperheads
- Negative term given to antiwar northernDemocrats during the Civil War
- People who believed that we should just let South secede
- Leader: Clement, arrested
Habeas Corpus
- Constitutional guarantee that no one can beheld in prison without charges being filed
- Abraham Lincoln suspended this so he could arrest anyone who was a threat to the Union
Inflation
- Rising prices due to decrease in money worth
- Goods and services= more expensive
- Caused because the US is borrowing a lot of money
Clara Barton
- Expanded the nursing profession
- Collected medical supplies in her hometown
- Traveled with the Union army to “distribute comforts”
- Founder of American Red Cross
Siege
- Military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded andall supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender
- Vicksburg: Grant surrounds Vicksburg (siege), and get them to surrender
Vicksburg
- Grant surrounds Vicksburg to get Confederate to surrender
- Confederate stronghold on the MississippiRiver that surrendered to Union forces in 1863 after asiege
- Union now controls Mississippi River
Battle of Gettysburg
- Battle in July 4th, 1863
- Confederatetroops were prevented from invading the North andwhich resulted in more than 50,000 casualties
- 3 day battle: 1st 2 days, back and fourth with casualties, 3rd day: new amount of men released by the Union army & beat Confederacy (George Pickett is the leader of this confederate attack)
- Union meets Confederate in Gettysburg because Confederate is trying to find shoes
- Confederacy loses chance of winning war (turning point of civil war)
George Pickett
- General of the Confederate Army during the Battle of Gettysburg who led a division of the army
- Pickett’s Charge against the Union army failed
- 50,000 people were dead or wounded
Gettysburg Address
- Speech by President Lincoln
- Dedicated a national cemetery at Gettysburg
- Reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting
Total War
- Military strategy in which an army attacks notonly enemy troops but the economic and civilianresources that support them
- Strikes citizens and unarmed people
William Tecumseh Sherman
- General for the Union Army
- Implemented total war strategy
- Set out from the Tennessee-Georgia border with 60,000 troops on a 250 mile march to capture the port of Savannah, Georgia
- “March to the Sea”: Looted and burned anything left behind, tore up buildings and rail road track
- Confederate troops abandoned Atlanta
- “War is cruelty”
Thirteenth Amendment
- 1865 constitutional amendmentthat abolished slavery
- During President Lincoln’s presidency
Civil War Amendments
- Provide equal rights for African Americans
- 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th
Mathew Brady
- Journalist who took photos of the carnage of the Civil War
- Had an exhibition called “ The Dead at Antietam” that provided graphic evidence of the terrible realities of war
Land Grant College Act
- 1862 law that made money availableto states to establish universities that taught agricultureand mechanical engineering
- Helped to support the war effort
John Wilkes Booth
- Assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre
- Shot Lincoln in the back of the head
- Became a target of a massive man hunt
- Yelled “Thus ever to tyrants”
- Actor
Ways the North Finance the War
- Bonds
- Income Tax
- Land Grant College Act
- Homestead Act
- Northern Gov borrowed money
- Moral Tariff:
- taxed imports
Does the Emancipation Proclamation Free the Slaves?
-No
-Border states still have slavery
Abraham wants:
-Support of Abolitionists
-Gain support from non-slavery countries (France, England ignore Confederacy)
-Set the Civil War on highly moral ground (about setting men free, another reason to fight war)
-13th Amendment frees the slaves
Innovations
- Rifled Musket
- Shoots father and more accurate because it is rifled
- Deadly: reason for more casualties
- Iron-clad ships powered by steam
- Makes wooden ships powered by sails obsolete
- Union ship: Monitor
- Confederate: Merrimack (Virginia)
- Demonstrates superiority of these ships
- Camera (Photography)
- Gives people an insight into the war
- Mathew Brady shows how terrible war in his pictures of Antietam (war cannot be romanticized)
Important Battles of the Civil War
-First Battle of Bull Run
-People thought that Union would be winners after one battle
-Confederates win, proving this will be a long, gory, period of time
-Battle of Shiloh
-Bloody conflict
-People are shocked by casualty figures because it is early in the war
-Battle of Antietam
-Bloodiest battle of the Civil War
-Fought in Maryland and Union makes the Confederates retreat
-After Union wins, the Emancipation Proclamation is published
Battle of Gettysburg
-Turning point of the Civil War
-Union wins after George Pickett fails
-Battle of Appomattox
-Lee surrenders to Grant
-End of the Civil War
North Advantages
- 22 Million people
- 3/4 of railroads in the North
- Strong navy (can build their own boats)
- More industrial (can produce their own clothes, weapons)
- Union & freeing the slaves is motivation to fight
- Wealthier (taxes to provide for war)
- Lincoln’s leadership
South Advantages
- Defending their homes (know the land)
- Has better military leadership w/ Lee
- “King Cotton” forces England & France to help them (doesn’t work)
- Both countries against slavery
- Both have land near USA
