Chapter 24 LECTURE 9 PART III Flashcards
Older Adult
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What percent of hip fractures are caused by falls?
95%
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality?
Falls
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What are 4 causes of falls?
- Neuromucular dysfunction
- Osteoporosis
- Stroke
- Sensory impairment
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What two things are essential?
Risk assessment and prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS
-What is osteoporosis?
a disease of bone loss (brittle bones)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS
-What are the 5 risk factors for osteoporosis?
- Small, thin frame
- White or Asian descent
- Family history
- Inactivity
- Low calcium intake
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Preventing Injury
-What is caused by motor vehicle accidents?
Other unintentional injuries & deaths
DRIVING AND THE ELDERLY
-What is an important concern for older adults?
When to stop driving
DRIVING AND THE ELDERLY: Warning Signs
1. _____ responses
2. Easily _____
3. Decreased _____
4. Difficulty with _____ or ____ ____
5. Hitting _____
6. ____ calls
7. ____ or ___ (including _____)
8. Driving too ____ or too ____
- Delayed
- Distracted
- Confidence
- Changing; maintaining lane
- Curbs
- Close
- Scrapes; dents; garage
- too fast; too slowly
ELDER MISTREATMENT
-What is elder abuse?
intentional or neglectful acts by caregiver, which harms the vulnerable adult
ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Elder mistreatment can come in many forms. What are the 8 forms?
- Physical abuse
- Neglect
- Emotional abuse
- Pyschological abuse
- Verbal abuse & threats
- Financial abuse & exploitation
- Sexual abuse
- Abandonment
ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Victims of elder abuse are more likely to be who?
Single women older than 75, who depend on caregiver for food and shelter
ELDER MISTREATMENT
-The abuser is typically who?
Adult child with poor impulse control & low self-esteem
ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Nurses are required to do what?
Identify and report abuse to state agencies or law enforcement
PHYSICAL SIGNS OF ELDER ABUSE
1. ____ or unusual ___ ___
2. Missing ___ ___ ___
3. Unexplained ___, ___, ___, or ____
4. Unsanitary _____ conditions and ____ ____
5. Unattended ____ ____
- Dehydration; weight loss
- Daily living aids
- Injuries, bruises, cuts, or sores
- Living; poor hygiene
- Medical needs
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Older adults have decreased what?
-They have lapsed (expired/not valid) what in many cases?
-immune function
-vaccines
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Influenza is a major cause of what?
-What is recommended?
-Morbidity/mortality
-Yearly vaccination
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: Pneumococcal Infections
-What is advised?
-A ____ should be given to who?
-Vaccination
-booster; those who received their first vaccine before age 65 & it has been more than 5 years since the first dose
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Cancer rates are high for who?
-Older adults
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-____% of all cancers are found in who?
-50%
-older adults
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-What disproportionately affects the elderly?
-Are vaccines available?
-Are they recommended?
-Covid-19
-Yes
-Yes, highly recommended
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Is the RSV vaccine required?
-Who should get it?
-When should they get it?
-No, but it is recommended
-All adults aged 75+ & adults aged 60-74 who are at an increased risk of severe RSV disease
-Annually since it is seasonal
CANCER
-Are cancer rates proportionately or disproportionately high?
-Is the exact cause established?
-Disproportionately high
-No, the exact cause is NOT established, but there are various theories
CANCER
-What are the 4 theories of the cause of cancer?
- Longer exposure to carcinogens
- Increased susceptibility in the older body
- Decreased cellular healing ability
- Loss of tumor-suppressing genes & decreased immune function
CANCER
-Screenings for what three kinds of cancers should be done?
- Prostate
- Breast
- Gastrointestinal
CANCER
-What is recommended to reduce cancer risk?
-Such as what 4 things?
-Lifestyle modifications
- Following nutritional guidelines
- Reducing stress
- Exercising regularly
- Stop smoking
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-Aging affects what 3 things?
- Drug metabolism
- Drug absorption
- Drug excretion
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What increases risk of side effects of medications?
age-related changes and disease
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-Older adults may take what?
-What does this increase the risk of?
-Multiple medications
-Serious drug interactions
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What is polypharmacy?
-Is it a major concern for older adults?
-What is important that nurses should do?
-Using multiple medications for the same or for different health problems
-Yes
-Taking a thorough medication history is important
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What is assumed in older adults?
-Can one be certain?
-The ability of older adults to self-administer
-One cannot be certain due to challenges
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What is a major barrier for older adults?
Medication affordability
ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE: Alcohol
-Alcohol use is often what?
Underestimated and hidden
ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE: Alcohol
-Alcohol and drug abuse is often what?
Underdiagnosed and underreported
ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE: Alcohol
-The elderly are more vulnerable to what?
The effects of alcohol
ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE: Tobacco
-Describe the effects of tobacco
-What does tobacco promote?
-Cumulative effects over lifetime
-Multiple chronic health conditions
SOCIAL ISSUES
-____ discrimination is experienced, even if what?
-Age
-the senior is healthy, educated, cognitvely aware, and capable
SOCIAL ISSUES
-In terms of jobs, what is also a barrier?
Employment discrimination
SOCIAL ISSUES
-When at medical appointments, providers usually speak to who?
Family members rather than the patient
SOCIAL ISSUES: Diversity Awareness
-The percentage of who is decreasing?
Older White adults
SOCIAL ISSUES
-What kind of care is essential?
-____ screening scales may not be properly ____
-Culturally competent
-Geriatric; translated
NURSING APPLICATION
-Nurses that are in a position of providing care to older adults should what?
focus on health promotion
NURSING APPLICATION
-Health promotion…
1. Promoting ___
2. Promoting the ___ ___ ___ ____
3. Maintaining ___-___
4. Preventing _____ and its _____
- Quality of life
- health of the population
- self-care
- disease; complications
NURSING APPLICATION
-Nursing activities with the older adult often focus on what?
The management of chronic conditions
NURSING APPLICATION
-What two things should the nurse explain to the patient that should be done
Immunizations and screening
