Chapter 21 LECTURE 5 PART II Flashcards
Adolescent
What is the definition of adolescence?
psychosocial, emotional, cognitive, and moral transition from childhood to young adulthood
What is the definition of puberty?
The development & maturation of structural, reproductive, endocrine, and structural processes that lead to fertility
-Approximately when does puberty begin?
-What does this signal?
-11-13 yrs old
-the beginning of adolescence
What five things create turmoil during this time?
Rapid changes in…
1. Physical
2. Psychosocial
3. Spiritual
4. Moral
5. Cognitive
… growth
Healthy People 2030 has many objectives specifically directed towards what?
Adolescent health
BIOLOGY & GENETICS
What two ages does puberty occur during?
11-13 and 18-21
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Adolescence vs. Puberty
-Do gender differences exist?
-When do females begin puberty?
-When do females experience their growth spurts?
-Age of puberty is occurring what?
-Are there racial differences? Explain.
-Yes
-2 years earlier than males
-earlier than males
-earlier than in the past
-Yes; African American girls reach puberty earlier than white girls
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Physical Growth
-In terms of physical growth, what do they experience
-What are the most noticeable characteristics they develop?
-accelerated growth spurts
-secondary sexual characteristics
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Physical Growth
-The physical changes experienced are mediated primarily by what?
-Menarche occurs when?
-by the hormonal regulatory systems
-Occurs later in puberty in females
BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What is essential for reproduction?
Primary sexual characteristics
BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What is tanner staging used to assess and monitor?
-What is it used to determine?
-the degree of maturation of an adolsescent’s primary and secondary sexual characteristics
-sexual maturity of the child
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-What are the 2 signs of puberty in males?
- Thinning scrotal sac
- Enlargement of testes
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-What are the 2 signs of puberty in females?
- Breast buds
- Growth spurt
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-If no signs of puberty are shown by ____ years for males and ____ years for females, they should be referred to who?
-14
-13
-an endocrinologist
PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY
-Breast development is usually confined to who?
-What is gynecomastia
-Is this normal
-females
-unilateral or bilateral male breast enlargement
-Yes, but if it continues after a certain age, they should be sent to an endocrinologist
PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY: Male Puberty
-What are 4 things that are associated with it?
- Thinning of scrotal sac
- Enlargement of testes
- Ejaculation occurs and precedes fertility by several months
4.Nocturnal emmissions (wet dreams) occur
PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY: Female Puberty
-What are 3 things that are associated with it?
- Breast buds are the first sign
- Growth spurt follows breast buds
- Menstruation or menarche appears 2 years after breast buds
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Acne
-There is an (increased/decreased) activity of acne
-What happens to sweat and sebaceous glands?
-What are 3 possible treatments?
-increased
-they may become clogged/inflamed
- Soap/water
- Topical medication
- Stress management
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Scoliosis
-What should start at school age? Why?
-What is scoliosis?
-Who is it more common in?
-If they have a curvature (greater/less) than ____ degrees, they should be referred.
-Screening to identify
-S-shaped curvature of spine; one scapula or hip is higher than the other
-females
-greater; 15
OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-What two things increase?
cardiac and respiratory capacity
OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-In terms of teeth, what appear and what do they often cause?
-Third molars (wisdom teeth) appear and often cause problems
OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-What two glands become active?
-Where are they located in? What are these areas sources of?
-Sebaceous glands can become ____ and ____
-Acne occurs in ____% of all adolescents
-Sweat and sebaceous glands
-axillary, genital, periumbilical areas; body odor
-clogged and inflamed
-80
OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-Growth spurts occur earlier in _____
-Girls stop their growth ___ years after ________
-Scoliosis can develop and is more common in _____
-girls
-2; their menstrual cycle
-girls
GENETICS
-Most genetic problems are discovered when?
-A few of them are not diagnosed until when?
-When should healthcare visits be?
-during infancy and early childhood
-adolescence
-yearly
GENETICS
-What is genetics?
the study and application of alterations in specific genes
GENETICS
-What is genomics?
the study of the whole genome or all the genes that make up a person
GENETICS
-Research has demonstrated a basis for many conditions. Name 8 of them
- Substance abuse
- Depression
- Mental health
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- Cancer
- Type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular disease
SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE: Turner Syndrome
-Who does this occur in?
-What is the X chromosome alteration?
-What may help?
-In terms of fertility what happens?
-Females
-X0
-hormonal therapy
-They are infertile
SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE: Turner Syndrome
-What are the 5 symptoms of Turner Syndrome?
- Short stature
- Webbed neck
- Low-set ears
- Lack of sexual development
- Cardiac/renal anomalies
SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE: Klinefelter Syndrome
-Who does this occur in?
-What is the X chromosome alteration?
-What may help?
-In terms of fertility what happens?
-Males
-XXY
-hormonal therapy
-sterile
SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE: Klinefelter Syndrome
-What are the 5 symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome?
- Tall
- Thin
- Lack of sexual development
- Gynecomastia
- Learning/behavior problems
HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN
-Teens have (fewer/more) acute illnesses than who?
-Teens have (less/more) chronic illnesses than who?
-fewer; younger children
-less; adults
HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN
-What are 3 negative health choices/outcomes?
- Sense of invincibility –> “Peter Pan” ideology
- “This won’t happen to me”
- Adolescent experimentation
- Risk-taking behaviors –> many dangers
HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN
-Parents, teachers, and health-care providers should take what kind of approach with teens?
-What 2 things should they do?
-Partnering approach in care
- Support autonomy
- Focus on strengths
