Chapter 23 LECTURE 8 PART III Flashcards
Middle-Aged Adult
CARING FOR AGING PARENTS
-Aging parents can ____ middle-aged adults
-What does caring for aging parents create?
-burden
-demands
ROLES-REALTIONSHIP PATTERN
-As children become adults, what do parents develop?
adult-to-adult relationships with their now grown children
DIVORCE AND SEPARATION
-What is divorce and separation a major disruption to?
marriage
DIVORCE AND SEPARATION
-Do children percieve divorce very differently or exactly the same as their parents?
-Effects on children may be _____
-very differently
-long-lasting
DEATH
-What does the death of a partner have?
-The surviving spouse may be what?
-What should nurses offer?
-a profound impact
-unprepared for single life and single parenthood
-support
DEATH
-What becomes more apparent?
-What do they become increasingly aware of?
-What is a common outcome of death?
-finite nature of life
-number of years left
-midlife review
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-(High/low) proportion of adults remain sexually active
High
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What percent of women older than 35 experience unintended pregnancies?
-What percent of unintended pregnancies occur because middle-aged women fail to use contraception?
-77%
-30%
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-Are premenopausal women still at risk of an unintended pregnancy?
-What can occur in pregnancies for those who are 45 or older?
-Yes
-higher risk of maternal death & fetal complications
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What can be challenging for middle-aged women?
-What can it cause?
-American cultural value on youth and beauty
-stress or depression
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-Changes occur in what system?
-What are 5 changes?
-reproductive system
1. Slower arousal
2. Orgasms are less intense
3. Long refractory between erection and ejaculation
4. Vaginal dryness
5. Decreased libido
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What occurs in men?
-What are three other things that happen?
-erectile dysfunction
1. Impotence: inability to achieve or maintain and erection
2. Premature ejaculation: ejaculating sooner than desired
3. Retrograde ejaculation: Semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through urethra
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What can women experience (2)
- Abnormal genital bleeding
- Secondary amenorrhea
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What is a major public health problem?
-HPV causes what percent of cervical cancers?
-STIs
-90%
SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-HIV/AIDS: what are adults older than 50 considered?
-Why? (2)
-“hidden” risk group
1. They are less likely to discuss sexual behavior with provider
2. They don’t look at sex the same, so they may not seek sexual health like they did when they were younger
VALUES-BELIEFS PATTERN
-When are beliefs formed?
-When are they reviewed?
-What can a crisis often be?
-What can a crisis trigger?
-early
-during a crisis
-a turning point
-“caring”, described as middle-aged adult virtue
VALUES-BELIEFS PATTERN
-What do committed responsibilities promote?
-What are 3 examples?
-moral deveopment in middle-aged adult
1. Valuing others, having relationships, and being responsible for others
2. Raising children and mentoring junior employees
3. Serving the community
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS
-What did Erikson (1998) identify as the middle-aged virtue?
-When is it often developed?
-Caring
-At time of a crisis
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What phases did Kohlberg state?
-What stage did he suggest most middle-aged adults are in?
-Coventional and postconventional phases
-Stage 3 or 4
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 3?
-personal wants and needs (interpersonal)
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 4?
-Duties demanded by society (law & order)
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 5?
-Principles to live by (sacrifice for others)
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Gilligan
-What did he believe?
-women have a different process of morality
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Gilligan
-What issues did women discuss?
-Women tend to be what?
-They are born to what?
-Selfishness vs responsibilities to others
-Selfless
-Nurutre and care for others
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Gilligan
-What do women avoid?
-_____ decision-making
-What must they do first before caring for others?
-Hurting others
-careful
-Care for themselves to avoid burnout
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
-What kind of radiation can cause cancer?
Ionizing radiation
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
-What kind of pollution can lead to cancer & other health issues?
Water pollution
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
-Where does air pollution come from?
Auto emissions, burning fuels, and industrial incineration
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
-What is important to have for noise pollution?
-What kind of hazard can it be?
-What does it potentiate?
-protective devices
-occupational
-hearing loss
HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Many are transmitted through what?
-Where do they enter?
-air or food/water
-respiratory or gastrointestinal tract
HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: Common pathogens
-What kind of pathogen is Hepatitis B?
-It is an occupational hazard for who?
-blood-borne
-health professionals
HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: Common pathogens
-How is Hepatits A transmitted?
through fecal-oral route and poor sanitation
HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: Common pathogens
-What two vaccines are available?
- Pneumonia vaccine
- Herpes zoster (shingles) for those who are 50+
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-Contaminants from workplace industry are carried home on what?
-Asbestos creates an increased risk of what?
-on clothing (air pollutants)
-mesothelioma
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What is the leading cause preventable death?
tobacco
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-By age 50, many have ____+ year history of tobacco
30
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-What are the risks of tobacco? (3)
- Heart/lung disease
- COPD
- Lung cancer
CHEMICAL AGENTS
-There are over how many known chemicals in cigarettes?
2000
SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT
-What is important?
-Nurses must be what?
-Culture and ethnicity
-Culturally aware
SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT
-There can be different interpretations of what?
health/illness
SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT
-What are two things immigrants may experience?
- Poverty
- Poor living conditions
SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT
-Immigrants tend to have what kind of economic status
-Because of this what may they not seek?
-Why else may they not seek healthcare?
-lower socioeconomic status
-healthcare until they are very sick
-in fear of being detained
SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT: Economics
-Net income is at (highest/lowest) level?
-Even so, middle-aged adults have what?
-highest
-greater financial responsibilities
