Chapter 23 LECTURE 8 PART I Flashcards
Middle-Aged Adult
Overview
-What kinds of significant changes occur?
biological, physiological, and social
Overview
-What does senescence mean?
natural decline of bodily functions & cellular processes
Overview
-They have expanded what?
-They have increased what?
-What kind of feeling does it lead to?
-responsibilities
-productivity
-a sense of accomplishment
Overview
-Middle-aged adults comprise what percent of the US population?
40%
Overview
-There are many changes related to what?
aging and health
Overview
-Healthy People 2030 has many ___ for this group
initiatives
Healthy People 2030
-What two things do they want to reduce?
- The proportion of adults disagnosed with arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions
- The annual number of new cases of diabetes
Healthy People 2030
-What do they want to increase?
Occupational safety and health
Healthy People 2030
-What are two concerns for this age group?
Heart disease and stroke
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: General Body Changes
-What happens to their hair?
It thins out & becomes gray
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: General Body Changes
-What happens to their skin? (3)
- It becomes drier due to loss of moisture and turgor
- Wrinkes appear
- Coarsening facial features
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: General Body Changes
-Increased ___ deposition occurs, especially where?
-decreased _____
-Body height decreases as a result of what?
-What does increased fat in the abdominal area cause?
-fat; stomach
-muscle
-decreased mass/bone density
-increase in cardiovascular disease
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: General Body Changes
-All combinations of changes results in what?
increased BMI
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: General Body Changes
-What has its peak onset?
-What can it greatly influence?
-Osteoarthritis
-activity & endurance
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Mortality
-What are the leading causes of death?
Heart disease, cancer, and accidents
BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Mortality
-Morbidity & mortality are influenced by what?
Lifestyle behaviors
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is kyphosis?
Angulation of posterior spine; “hunchback”
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is osteoarthritis?
-What breaks down first? This causes a lot of people to end up needing what?
-What breaks down after, in order?
-Degenerative joint disease
-Knees
-knee replacement
-hips, spine, shoulders, ankles
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is osteoporosis?
-What happens to the bones?
-Abnormal loss of bone density
-They become more brittle
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What are three common health problems with this age group?
Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is constipation?
-What three things can cause this?
-decreased stool frequency
- Decreased activity
- Decreased water intake
- Decreased fiber intake
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is menopause?
Cessation of menses for 12 months consecutively
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What occurs in males?
Erectile dysfunction
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
-What is very common in this age group?
Malignancies
RELATIONSHIP STATUS & HEALTH
-Married adults report what?
-In comparison to who?
-better health
-divorced, widowed, or never-married adults
RELATIONSHIP STATUS & HEALTH
-What percent of US adults are married?
Nearly 60%
RELATIONSHIP STATUS & HEALTH
-What is on the rise?
Cohabitation
RELATIONSHIP STATUS & HEALTH
-Marriage rates are (more/less) uniform across what?
-Rates have fallen faster for those with what?
-less; socioeconomic groups
-less education and lower incomes (since the 1970s)
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-What are SDOH?
-What affects it?
-A wide range of health risks and outcomes
-Economic and social communitites where people live, learn, work and play
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-What conditions affect health?
-What are they? (7)
-Soicetal
1. Poverty
2. Environmental hazards
3. Education
4. Racism
5. Sexism
6. Ageism
7. Income
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-What is income inequality?
-What does it greatly impact?
-the disparity in the distribution of income between individuals, groups, populations, and social classes
-health
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-What is a better indicator than income when it comes to health
-How can one obtain it?
-wealth
-individual or family financial net worth
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-There are great disparities in wealth among what?
Ethnic lines
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
-In 2016, the median family wealth for each group was what:
-Black = ?
-Hispanic = ?
-White = ?
- $17,600
-$20,700
-$171,000
HEALTH PERCEPTION-HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN
-What surfaces?
-Visible consequences become apparent in what?
-Consequences of self-destructive habits
-middle-aged adults
HEALTH PERCEPTION-HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN
-What are self-destructive habits?
-Why do adults tend to do these things?
-smoking, drinking alcohol, overeating
-stress
HEALTH PERCEPTION-HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN: Health Indicators
-What are the leading causes of death during ages 45-64?
heart disease or cancer
HEALTH PERCEPTION-HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN: Health Indicators
-What are other causes of death? (7)
- Accidents
- Stroke
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Suicide
- Flu/pneumonia
- Liver or kidney disease
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH
-What is the leading cause of death for those who are 35-44?
- Unintentional injuries
- Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
- Heart disease
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH
-What is the leading cause of death for those who are 45-54?
- Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
- Heart disease
- Accidents
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH
-What is the leading cause of death for those who are 55-64?
- Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
- Heart disease
- Bronchitis/emphysema
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-Aging brings a gradual decrease of what?
tone in the large intestine
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-Constipation is due to what three things?
-Dietary fiber is preferable to what?
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Lack of fiber
- Inadequate fluid intake
-laxatives and fiber products
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-What function gradually decreases?
Renal
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-What does incontinence mean?
alteration in bladder control
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-Why does incontinence occur in women?
-What can help? Why?
-with mutliple vaginal births
-the pelvic floor weakens, so doing kegel exercises helps support the pelvic floor
ELIMINATION PATTERN
-Why does incontinence happen in men?
It occurs as a complication of prostate cancer surgery
