Chapter 10 LECTURE 5 PART II Flashcards
Adolescence
ADOLESCENT THINKING: Hypothetical Thought
-What does it include?
-What do they transform?
-What can they come up with?
-Example?
-reasoning that uses propositions & possibilities that may not reflect reality
-perceptions
-their own understandings and reasonings
-“What if…” situations
ADOLESCENT THINKING: Deductive Reasoning
-What does it involve?
-What is it also called?
-Example?
-reasoning, from a general statement (or principle), through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics
-Top-down reasoning
-Looking at a bigger picture and reducing it into smaller parts
EXAMPLE: “All humans need oxygen to live” (general) –> “If an astronaut loses oxygen in space, they won’t survive” (specific)
ADOLESCENT THINKING: Inductive Reasoning
-What does it involve?
-They may be less what?
-What is it also called?
-Example?
-reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion –> looking at smaller parts and then making it into a bigger picture
-less cognitively advanced than deduction
-bottom-up reasoning
EXAMPLE: “Every pop quiz in math has been hard.” (specific) –> “All future pop quizzes in math will probably be hard.” (general)
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What is the major task of the adolescence?
Achieving a stable self-identity
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What can the process of identity exploration lead to?
role confusion
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What should family offer?
-How can they do this?
-support and guidance
-by giving adolescents freedom to discover their own interests
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What two things do they develop?
social skills and cognitive reasoning
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-How should they define themselves?
a unique individual in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What may the adolescent try? Why?
-various social roles
-in effort to find themselves
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What occurs with previous stages?
-Example?
-they resurface
EXAMPLE:
1. They must TRUST themselves & others, while also seeking independence from parents
2. They use INITIATIVE as they search for direction & purpose
3. They use INDUSTRY as they contemplate vocations, social/recreational choices
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-The extent to which the earlier tasks were completed successfully predicts what?
the success of the current developmental stage
AREAS OF IDENTITY
-What are the 4 different types of identity?
- Religious
- Political
- Ethnic
- Gender
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Religious Identity
-Most adolescents accept what?
-What may be questioned?
-broad outlines of parental & cultural religious identity
-specific religious beliefs
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Political Identity
-More 21st century adolescents identify as ____ than any other group
-They are more ____ than parents, with what?
-independent
-liberal; with major political shifts usually occuring later
AREAS OF IDENTITY
-What do most adolescents identify with?
Their ethnicity
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Ethnicity Identity
-Was it discussed by Erikson?
-Few ____ parents discuss what with their children?
-Adolescents must figure out what without parental help?
-Peers help sort through what?
-No
-White; race and ethnicity
-ethnic identity
-stereotypes, resistance, and achievement
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What does biological sex refer to?
physical and genetic traits assigned at birth
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-When does gender identity start to develop?
around preschool age (3)
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What does gender refer to?
-A person’s _____ of the _____ and _____ that society associates with the ________ categories of male and female
-the social genetic factors that differentiate males, females, and nonbinary individuals
-acceptance; roles and behaviors; biological
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-Erikson’s term “sexual identity” has been replaced by what
gender identity
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What is used to question gender expression?
analytic, hypothetical thinking
AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What is cisgender?
people whose gender identity is the same as their natal sex
KOHLBERG
-What stage is the adolescent in according to him?
Postconventional stage of moral judgement
KOHLBERG
-What is the early adolescent motivated by?
The need to conform and please others
KOHLBERG
-In later adolescence, what are moral principles based on?
-They equate what is right with the idea of what?
-One’s own individual thinking and beliefs
-Justice
SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA
-Substance abuse is among what?
the three major causes of death in adolescence
SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA
-What 3 things is substance abuse determined by?
- Biology
- Psychology
- Social conditions & pressures
SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA
-Early use of alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes increases what?
-What can these things cause?
-the risks associated with such use
-long-term damage
SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA
-What does smokeless tobacco involve?
-flavored flat strips (of finely ground tobacco) placed in the mouth, along the gumline or under the lower lip of the lower jaw
SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA
-In terms of social media, what is available to the adolescent?
-What are 3 things that can occur?
-Adult content, violence, ads for potentially harmful substances that can be abused
- Child porn
- Sexting
- Cyberbullying
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-Adolescents look forward to what? Why?
-Challenges because it delivers a sense of independence
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-How can independence in transportation be achieved?
by riding a bicycle or driving a car
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-Skills in what kind of management are important to the teenager?
-Who do they typically get their spending habits from?
-money management
-their parents
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-What is the role of parents?
To listen and guide, NOT to dictate
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-What did Skinner believe?
That teens will repeat behavior that is positively reinforced
DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
-What did Bandura believe?
That setting a positive example for the teen will motivate positive behavior
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
-What does culture play a role in?
How adolescents think and interact
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
-What does culture competence involve?
recognizing how your own values differ from those of other cultures & respecting the values and practices of others
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
-What does culture affect?
health-care practices and modes of communication
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
-Cultural and religious traditions can help what?
-What can they involve?
-stablize identity
-rituals that celebrate the transition from childhood to the adult phase of life
PEER RELATIONSHIPS
-Peer group affiliations have a major impact on what?
-What does everybody need?
-adolescent growth and development
-someone
PEER RELATIONSHIPS
-What does school provide the opportunity for? (3)
- Social interaction
- Peer group association
- Clique formation
PEER RELATIONSHIPS
-Failure to connect with a clique or a peer group can contribute to what?
-What can they get stuck in? Why?
-lower self-esteem or to feelings of inadequacy
-a sense of role confusion because they aren’t part of something
SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY
-Sexuality encompasses many aspects related to what?
sex and reproduction, including gender identity & roles and sexual orientation
SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY
-Sexuality is influenced by what? (4)
-many factors
1. biological
2. Psychosocial
3. Social
4. Cultural
SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY
-Developing a sexual identity is an important part of what?
the adolescent’s sense of self
SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY
-When are sexually active and exclusive relationships often developed?
-What does sexual exploration create a risk for?
-during later adolescence
-unplanned or unprotected sexual activity
SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY
-What does gender dysphoria involve?
conflict between assigned sex and gender identity
