Chapter 23 Flashcards
Red Shirts
Giuseppe Garibaldi’s army who invaded Sicily in attempt to liberate it winning over the Sicilian peasants.
Homestead Act
American law during the Civil War that gave settlers western land that then reinforced the concept of free labor in market economy.
Crimean War
A war over Russia’s desires to go into the Ottoman territory from 1853 and 1856. France, Britain and the Ottomans defeated Russia.
Bloody Sunday
A massacre at the Winter Palace of peaceful protesters. This resulted in a revolution that overturned tsarist rule and Russia became a conservative constitutional monarchy.
October Manifesto
A Russian decree that gave full civil rights and promised a elected parliament with real legislative power after the results of a general strike in 1905.
Duma
The Russian parliament that was elected by universal male suffrage but taken over by the tsar and the conservative classes in 1907.
Tanzimat
A refinement designed to put the Ottoman Empire on a western European model and remake it.
Young Turks
Patriots who got power in a coup in 1908 causing the conservative sultan to enforce reforms.
Reichstag
Lower house of government of the German Empire after 1871.
Kulturekampf
The attack on the Catholic Church within Germany resulting in the declaration of papal infallibility led by Bismarck.
German Social Democratic Party (SPD)
German working class party made in 1870s. They championed Marxism but leaned more toward social and workplace reforms in German parliament.
Dreyfus affair
Where Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of treason. After he was claimed as innocent the French government cut ties between church and state.
People’s Budget
A bill published after the Liberal party came to power and was designed to increase spending on social welfare but was rejected by the House of Lords.
Zionism
Started by Theodor Herzi, it was a movement to build a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Revisionism
An effort to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of time by socialists.
