Chapter 20 Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
A term to describe the explosion of inventions and economic expansion that started in Britain in the later 18th century.
Spinning jenny
An inexpensive hand powered spinning machine created in 1765.
water frame
A spinning machine that was powered by water and was much more efficient but required a specialized factory.
Steam engines
A major invention that burned coal to produce steam that powered a pump. James Watt then made a more efficient one in 1769.
Rocket
Name of the locomotive George Stephenson’s made and tested in 1829 going 24 mph on the railway.
Crystal Palace
An architectural masterpiece made out of glass and iron that was also the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851.
Iron law of wages
A theory proposed saying that the population growth was causing wages to not rise above the subsistence level.
Tariff protection
When the government put high taxes on imported goods form other countries to aid its own economy.
Factory Acts
A series of laws that limited the workday for children and required certain safety and hygiene protocol.
separate spheres
A division in labor where the woman stayed home to be a mother and homemaker and the man worked.
Mines Act of 1842
An English law that prohibited girls, woman and boys under 10 to work in the mines.
class-consciousness
Being aware of belonging to a certain economic and social class that might interfere with other classes.
Luddites
Group of handicraft workers that attacked factories and destroyed machines that they thought put them out of work.
Combination Acts
British laws that banned unions and strikes and favored capitalists business. Parliament repealed this in 1824.
