Chapter 22 Flashcards
utilitarianism
The idea of “greatest good for the greatest number” formed by Jeremy Bentham about the social policies.
germ theory
The idea that disease was caused by controlled living organisms spreading.
labor aristocracy
The highly skilled workers made up about 15 percent of the working class from 1850 to 1914.
sweated industries
Married women who were poorly paid for each piece of handicraft production. Had to work at home.
companionate marriage
Marriage based on romantic love. Middle-class families values became more dominate.
separate spheres
The gender division of the 19th century where men were cast as the breadwinners and the women the homemakers.
suffrage movement
A women led protest for the women’s right to vote around 1900.
thermodynamics
An extension of physics that looked into the relationship between heat and mechanical energy built from Newton’s laws of mechanics.
Second Industrial Revolution
A second wave of industrial creativity and inventions that boosted the economy in the last part of the 19th century.
evolution
The idea that stresses gradual change and continuous adjustment.
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the Fittest” drawn by the ideas of Charles Darwin that applied to human affairs and biological evolution. Human race driven by constant economic struggle.
realism
A literary movement that stressed the view of life as it actually was .
