Chapter 21

Question 1

Congress of Vienna

Answer 1

Meeting between Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain (Quadruple alliance) to make a peace settlement after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814.

Question 2

Holy Alliance

Answer 2

An alliance formed by rulers of Austria, Prussia and Austria that later became a symbol of repression of revolutionary and liberal movements.

Question 3

Karlsbad Decrees

Answer 3

Designed to uphold conservatism by making the German states to destroy any liberal organizations.

Question 4

liberalism

Answer 4

The ideas of equality and liberty. They wanted representative government and freedoms such as freedom of press, freedom of speech etc.

Question 5

laissez faire

Answer 5

A doctrine that wants no government interference in economy and unrestricted private enterprise.

Question 6

nationalism

Answer 6

The idea that people can identify with ones nation and support its interest and this led to the desire of independent political state in most cases.

Question 7

socialism

Answer 7

A move toward a sense of community and cooperation and away from individualism. Ideas were economic planning, social equality and state regulation of property.

Question 8

Marxism

Answer 8

Political program based on Karl Marx’s socialist ideas for a working class revolution to then establish communist state.

Question 9

bourgeoisie

Answer 9

The middle class minority who according to Marx owned most of society’s wealth and exploited the working class.

Question 10

proletariat

Answer 10

According to Marx this was the working class who were unfairly exploited by the bourgeoisie for profit.

Question 11

romanticism

Answer 11

An artistic movement in the mid 1800’s that was a revolt against the Enlightenment and classicism. Lots of emotional exuberance and spontaneity.

Question 12

Corn Laws

Answer 12

The British law prohibiting and governing the import of foreign grains unless it was able to benefit the aristocracy but it made food prices higher.

Question 13

Battle of Peterloo

Answer 13

The army’s suppression of a protest in reaction to the Corn Laws revision.

Question 14

Reform Bill of 1832

Answer 14

Major British political reform that gave new industrial areas political representation and increased the male voters by 50 percent.

Question 15

Great Famine

Answer 15

The result of potato crop failure for 4 years in Ireland which grew potatoes as a dietary staple.

Question 16

Greater Germany

Answer 16

A liberal plan for the unification of German nationals that included the German speaking people of the Austrian Empire that went to parliament and got rejected by Austrian rulers.