Chapter 23 Flashcards
__ take urine from kidneys to urinary bladder to be stored
Ureters
what are the functions of the kidneys
- Filter blood and excrete toxic metabolic wastes
- Regulate blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity
- Regulate electrolytes and acid-base balance
- Secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells
- Help regulate calcium levels by participating in calcitriol synthesis
- Clear hormones from blood
- Detoxify free radicals
- In starvation, they synthesize glucose from amino acids
what is the definition of waste
any substance that is useless to the body or present in excess of the body’s needs
what is the definition of metabolic waste
waste substance produced by the body
ammonia is produced by __ and is then converted to
the catabolism of proteins, urea
Creatinine comes from __which is made from certain amino acids which come from proteins
creatine
Uric acid comes from
nucleic acids
urea makes up about __% of nitrogenous wastes
50
what does BUN stand for
blood urea nitrogen
what is blood urea nitrogen
level of nitrogenous waste in blood
Normal concentration of blood urea is
10 to 20 mg/dL
what is azotemia
elevated BUN
May indicate renal insufficiency due to nephron destruction
what is uremia
syndrome of diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia stemming from the toxicity of nitrogenous waste
Develops at 90% loss of renal function
what is the treatment for uremia
hemodialysis or organ transplant
__can tell you if the blood is being cleared of nitrogenous waste
BUN
what is the definition of excretion
separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them
what are the four body systems that carry out excretion
respiratory, integumentary, digestive, and urinary
what is excreted from the respiratory system
CO2, small amounts of other gases, and water
what is excreted from the integumentary system
water, inorganic salts, lactic acid, urea in sweat
what is excreted from the digestive system
water, salts, CO2, lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol, and other metabolic waste
what is excreted from the urinary system
many metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+, and water
where are the kidneys located
at the level of T12 to L3
the __ kidney is slightly lower due to th large lobe of the liver
right
how big are the kidneys
about the size of a bar of soap