Chapter 10

Question 1

what are the three contractile tissues

Answer 1

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 2

muscles can only __ never __

Answer 2

pull, push

Question 3

definition of insertion

Answer 3

the point of attachment on a movable bone

Question 4

definition of origin

Answer 4

the point of attachment on an immovable bone

Question 5

what three functional gourds can muscles be classified into

Answer 5

prime mover/agonist, antagonist, synergist

Question 6

definition of prime mover/agonist

Answer 6

a muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement

Question 7

definition of antagonist

Answer 7

muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement

Question 8

definition of synergist

Answer 8

synergists help prime movers by adding a little extra force to the same movement or by reducing unnecessary movements

Question 9

when synergists immobilize a bone or muscles origin so that the prime mover has a stable base on which to act they are called

Answer 9

fixators

Question 10

skeletal muscles can be named according to what criteria

Answer 10

muscle location, shape, size, direction of muscle fibers, number of origins, location of the attachments, and muscle action

Question 11

all skeletal muscles consist of __

Answer 11

fascicles (bundles of fibers)

Question 12

what are the most common patterns of fascicle arrangement

Answer 12

circular, convergent, parallels nd pennate

Question 13

__ fascicle pattern is when the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings

Answer 13

circular

Question 14

muscles with this fascicle arrangement surround external body openings

Answer 14

circular

Question 15

a __ muscle has a broad origins and its fascicles converge toward a single tendon of insertion

Answer 15

convergent

Question 16

in __ arrangement the length of the fascicles runs parallel to the axis of the muscle. such muscles are either __ or __ with and expanded __

Answer 16

parallel, straplike, spindle shaped, belly

Question 17

some anatomists classify spindle shaped muscles in to a separate class as

Answer 17

fusiform muscles

Question 18

in a __ pattern the fascicles (and muscle fibers) are short and they attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle

Answer 18

pennate

Question 19

pennate muscles come in what three forms

Answer 19

unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate

Question 20

what three types of levers are there and what are their descriptions

Answer 20

first class, fulcrum somewhere in between effort and load; second class, effort at one end and fulcrum t the other; third class, effort applied between load and fulcrum