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A&P > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy studies…

A

The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

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2
Q

Physiology concerns…

A

the study of the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their functions

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3
Q

Gross anatomy is also known as..

A

macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

gross anatomy studies

A

the body structures visible to the naked eye

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5
Q

regional anatomy..

A

studies a particular region of the body

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6
Q

systematic anatomy

A

studies the body system by system

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7
Q

surface anatomy

A

studies internal organs as they relate to the overlying surface

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8
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

studies structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

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9
Q

cytology

A

is the study of cells of the body

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10
Q

histology

A

is the study of tissues

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11
Q

developmental anatomy

A

traces structural changes that occur throughout a lifespan

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12
Q

embryology

A

is a subdivision of developmental anatomy and concerns developmental changes before birth

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13
Q

pathological anatomy

A

studies structural changes caused by disease

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14
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

studies internal structures as visualized by X ray images

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15
Q

palpation is

A

feel organs with your hands

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16
Q

auscultation is

A

listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

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17
Q

renal physiology concerns

A

kidney function and urine production

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18
Q

neurophysiology is

A

the study of the workings of the nervous system

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19
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

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20
Q

function..

A

always reflects structure

21
Q

principle of complementarity of structure and function

A

function always reflects structure

22
Q

structural hierarchy from smallest to largest

A

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism

23
Q

tissues definition

A

groups of similar cells that have a common function

24
Q

organ definition

A

an organ is a discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

25
Q

all body cells are surrounded by

A

a selectively permeable plasma membrane

26
Q

the plasma separates the___ from the ___

A

intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

27
Q

the two components of extracellular fluid are

A

blood plasma and interstitial fluid

28
Q

another name for the integumentary system is

A

the skin

29
Q

the muscle cells ability to move by shortening is called

A

contractility

30
Q

responsiveness is also called

A

excitability

31
Q

definition of excitability

A

the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

32
Q

definition of digestion

A

the ability to break down food stuffs into simple molecules

33
Q

definition of metabolism

A

a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

34
Q

definition of catabolism

A

the breaking down of substances into simpler substances

35
Q

definition of anabolism

A

synthesizing more complex substances simpler building blocks

36
Q

definition of cellular respiration

A

the use of nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP

37
Q

definition of excretion

A

the process of removing wastes or excreta from the body

38
Q

name the survival needs

A

nutrients(food), oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure

39
Q

communication is chiefly by the __ and __ systems which use ___ or ___ as information carriers

A

nervous, endocrine, neural electric impulses, blood borne hormones

40
Q

the variable is the..

A

factor or event being regulated

41
Q

what are the three components that work together to regulate the variable for homeostatic control

A

receptor, control center, effector

42
Q

definition of the receptor/what it does

A

the receptor is the sensor that monitors the environment and responds to stimuli by sending info or input along the afferent pathway to the control center

43
Q

definition of the control center/what it does

A

the control center determines the set point or the level at which the variable is to be maintained. info or input then flows along the efferent pathway to the effector.

44
Q

definition of the effector/what it does

A

the effector carries out the control centers response to the stimulus

45
Q

most homeostatic mechanisms are ___

A

negative feedback mechanisms

46
Q

the body’s “thermostat” is called the__

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

all negative feedback mechanisms have the same goal:

A

preventing severe changes within the body

48
Q

positive feedback mechanisms do what?

A

enhance the original stimulus

49
Q

positive feedback mechanisms are also called

A

cascades

A&P (14 decks)

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