Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy studies…

Answer 1

The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Question 2

Physiology concerns…

Answer 2

the study of the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their functions

Question 3

Gross anatomy is also known as..

Answer 3

macroscopic anatomy

Question 4

gross anatomy studies

Answer 4

the body structures visible to the naked eye

Question 5

regional anatomy..

Answer 5

studies a particular region of the body

Question 6

systematic anatomy

Answer 6

studies the body system by system

Question 7

surface anatomy

Answer 7

studies internal organs as they relate to the overlying surface

Question 8

microscopic anatomy

Answer 8

studies structures too small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 9

cytology

Answer 9

is the study of cells of the body

Question 10

histology

Answer 10

is the study of tissues

Question 11

developmental anatomy

Answer 11

traces structural changes that occur throughout a lifespan

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

is a subdivision of developmental anatomy and concerns developmental changes before birth

Question 13

pathological anatomy

Answer 13

studies structural changes caused by disease

Question 14

radiographic anatomy

Answer 14

studies internal structures as visualized by X ray images

Question 15

palpation is

Answer 15

feel organs with your hands

Question 16

auscultation is

Answer 16

listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

Question 17

renal physiology concerns

Answer 17

kidney function and urine production

Question 18

neurophysiology is

Answer 18

the study of the workings of the nervous system

Question 19

cardiovascular physiology

Answer 19

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 20

function..

Answer 20

always reflects structure

Question 21

principle of complementarity of structure and function

Answer 21

function always reflects structure

Question 22

structural hierarchy from smallest to largest

Answer 22

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism

Question 23

tissues definition

Answer 23

groups of similar cells that have a common function

Question 24

organ definition

Answer 24

an organ is a discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

Question 25

all body cells are surrounded by

Answer 25

a selectively permeable plasma membrane

Question 26

the plasma separates the___ from the ___

Answer 26

intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid

Question 27

the two components of extracellular fluid are

Answer 27

blood plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 28

another name for the integumentary system is

Answer 28

the skin

Question 29

the muscle cells ability to move by shortening is called

Answer 29

contractility

Question 30

responsiveness is also called

Answer 30

excitability

Question 31

definition of excitability

Answer 31

the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

Question 32

definition of digestion

Answer 32

the ability to break down food stuffs into simple molecules

Question 33

definition of metabolism

Answer 33

a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

Question 34

definition of catabolism

Answer 34

the breaking down of substances into simpler substances

Question 35

definition of anabolism

Answer 35

synthesizing more complex substances simpler building blocks

Question 36

definition of cellular respiration

Answer 36

the use of nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP

Question 37

definition of excretion

Answer 37

the process of removing wastes or excreta from the body

Question 38

name the survival needs

Answer 38

nutrients(food), oxygen, water, appropriate temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 39

communication is chiefly by the __ and __ systems which use ___ or ___ as information carriers

Answer 39

nervous, endocrine, neural electric impulses, blood borne hormones

Question 40

the variable is the..

Answer 40

factor or event being regulated

Question 41

what are the three components that work together to regulate the variable for homeostatic control

Answer 41

receptor, control center, effector

Question 42

definition of the receptor/what it does

Answer 42

the receptor is the sensor that monitors the environment and responds to stimuli by sending info or input along the afferent pathway to the control center

Question 43

definition of the control center/what it does

Answer 43

the control center determines the set point or the level at which the variable is to be maintained. info or input then flows along the efferent pathway to the effector.

Question 44

definition of the effector/what it does

Answer 44

the effector carries out the control centers response to the stimulus

Question 45

most homeostatic mechanisms are ___

Answer 45

negative feedback mechanisms

Question 46

the body's "thermostat" is called the__

Answer 46

hypothalamus

Question 47

all negative feedback mechanisms have the same goal:

Answer 47

preventing severe changes within the body

Question 48

positive feedback mechanisms do what?

Answer 48

enhance the original stimulus

Question 49

positive feedback mechanisms are also called

Answer 49

cascades